1Chen ST,Wilson TG Jr,Hammerle CH,et al.Immediate or early placement of implants following tooth extraction:review of biologic basis,clinical procedures,and outcomes.Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2004,19 Suppl:12-25.
2John Beumer.Treatment planning for partially edentulous patients.J Prosthet Dent,1994,72:628.
3Esposito M,Grusovin MG,Worthington HV,et al.Interventions for replacing missing teeth:bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2006,25(1):CD003607.
4Babbush CA.Dental implants:the art and science:bone:present and future.Philadelphia:W.B.Saunders Company,A Harcount Health Sciences Company,2001,59-82.
6Schlegel KA,Fichtner G,Schultze Mosgau S,et al.Histologic findings in sinus augmentation with autogenous bone chips versus a bovine bone substitute.Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2003,18(1):53-58.
7Esposito M,Grusovin MG,Worthington HV,et al.Interventions for replacing missing teeth:bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2006,25,(1):CD003607.
8Langer B.Spontaneous in situ gingival augmentation.Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,1994,14(6):524-535.
9Kan JY,Rungcharassaeng K.Immediate placement and Provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants:a surgical and prosthodontic rationale.Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent,2000,12(9):817-824.
10David French.Extraction and Immediate Placement of the NobelPerfect Scallop Implant:A Novel Technique for Cement -Retained Provisional Crowns.Journal of the Canadian Dental Association,2004,70 (11):791-794.
2WF Smith 张泉等(译).工程合金的组织和性能(第1版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1984.85-8.
3[2]Babbush CA. Dental implants: the art and science: bone :present and future [M]. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, A Harcount Health Sciences Company,2001:59-82.
4[3]Bruschi GB,Scipioni A,Calesini G,et al. Localized management of sinnus floor with simultaneous implant placement: a clinical report[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implant, 1998,13:219-226.
5[5]Eriksson AR. Albrektsson T. Temperature threshold levels for heat-included bone tissue injury: A vital-microscopic study in the rabbit[J].Prosthet Dent,1983,50(1):101-107.
6[6]Szmukler-Moncler S, Piattelli A,Favero GA, et al. Considerations preliminary to the application of early and immediate loading protocols in dental implantology [J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2000,11(1):12-25.
7Glauser R, Sailer I, Wohlwend A et al. Experimental zirconia abutments for implant - supported single - tooth restorations in esthetically demanding regions: 4 - year results of a prospective clinical study.Int J Prosthodont 2004, 17(3) :285~90
8Henriksson K, Jemt T. Evaluation of custom - made Procera ceramic abutments for single - implant tooth replacement: a prospective 1 - year follow - up study.Int J Prosthodont, 2003; 16(6) :626~30
9Cho HW, Dong JK, Jin TH et al. A study on the fracture strength of implant - supported restorations using milled ceramic abutments and all - ceramic crowns.Int J Prosthodont, 2002, 15(1):9~13
10Prestipino V, Ingber A. Esthetic high - strength implant abutments. Part Ⅰ. J Esthet Dent, 1993,5:29~36
7Binon PP. Implants and components:entering the new millennium [J]. Int J Oral Maxillofae Implants,2000,15( 1 ) :76-94.
8Salvi GE, Lang NP. Changing paradigms in implant dentistry [ J ]. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med,2001,12(3) :262-272.
9Piermatti J, Yousef H, Luke A,et al. An in vitro analysis of implant screw torque loss with external hex and internal connection implant systems[ J]. Implant Dent,2006,15 (4) :427-435.
10Att W, Kurun S, Gerds T, et al. Fracture resistance of single-tooth implant-supported all-ceramic restorations : an in vitro study [ J ]. J Prosthet Dent,2006,95 (2) : 111-116.