摘要
渝东地区是长江中上游的文化孔道，也是四川盆地的重要区域。对该地商周时期考古学文化的分析与研究对解决四川盆地的一些重大考古学问题至关重要，如四川盆地商周时期考古学文化的变迁与动因、巴文化与蜀文化、巴蜀文化区的形成与整合过程、巴与楚的关系等。随着三峡库区考古工作的开展，发现大量商周时期的考古遗存。本文意在对考古材料梳理的基础上，揭示该区域各考古学文化的时空变化，对一些问题提出初步看法。
The present paper divides the Shang-Zhou period sites in the eastern Chongqing region into the eastern and western areas according to the cultural aspect of these sites.
In the western area, the cultural remains can be divided into three phases with ten subphases. The first phase belongs to the Sanxingdui culture and chronologically corresponds roughly to the first and second phases of Yinxu culture. The second phase is very close to the Shierqiao culture in the Chengdu Plain, and in date corresponds roughly to the time from the late Shang to the early Western Zhou period. The third phase is directly developed from the second phase and can be dated to the time from the mid Western Zhou to the Warring States period.
In the eastern area, the pottery can be divided into three groups. Group A resembles the pottery of ＂Xianglushi culture＂ in the western Hubei region and chronologically might be assigned to the upper Erligang period. Group B belongs to the same archaeological culture as the second and third phases of cultural remains in the western area and can be dated to the time from the mid Western Zhou to the turn from the early to the mid stage of the Springand-Autumn period. Group C of pottery is typical of the Chu culture and can be assigned to the time from the transition between the early and the mid stages of the Spring-and-Autumn period to the late stage of this period.
Finally the author comes to six preliminary conclusions： （1） The first stage of culture in the western area of eastern Chongqing region belongs to the Sanxingdui culture. The second phase in the second stage shows a cultural aspect conforming to the corresponding stage of the Shierqiao culture in the Chengdu Plain. In the third phase, round-bottomed vessels emerged in a large number, and the culture thus shows certain difference from the contemporaneous culture in the Chengdu Plain. （2） From prehistoric times to the Shang- Zhou period, the culture of the western area underwent two heights with distinct changes. The first height is the development from the Shaopengzui culture to the Sanxingdui culture; the second, from the Sanxingdui to the Shierqiao culture. During the time of the second stage, i.e. from the late Shang to the Warring States period, the culture of the whole Sichuan Basin, including the western area of the eastern Chongqing region, went through a relatively stable development with the cultural change taking a gradually evolutionary form. （3） The second and third phases of culture continuously developing in the Three Gorges area of the eastern Chongqing Region must have been the Ba culture. It forerunner Xianglushi culture must have been the early Ba culture. The ＂Ba-Shu Culture＂ district must have been formed in the late Shang period when the Xianglushi culture had migrated westward. （4） The Ba people, after their westward migration in the whole, did not restore and gradually develop their traditional salt production until the mid Western Zhou period. （5） The Chu culture began its westward advance once entering its prosperous stage. During the early and mid Spring-and-Autumn period, the Chu people＇s might was not so strong, but from the mid phase of this period, they controlled the whole region, completely pushing out the Ba＇s might. The zone from Fengjie to Yunyang became the demarcation between the Ba and the Chu with seesaw battles taking place frequently. （6） Studies into the changes and interrelationship of the Shang-Zhou period archaeological cultures in the eastern Chongqing region suggest that in the Sichuan Basin, the prosperous heights with great changes and vigorous evolution of ancient cultures were often connected with people＇s migration. On the contrary, the interior innovation of a cultural system and the mutual exchange and influence between different systems did not cause great changes in a short period but a gradual evolutionary course.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第4期379-404,共26页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
