摘要
人口与资源是农业增长的基本条件。其禀赋与存量对农业技术道路的形成与发展至为关键。从发展的角度看，在人多地少的国家或地区，农业技术体系往往具有节约土地（ｌａｎｄ－ｓａｖｉｎｇ）的特点，而地广人稀的国家或地区，技术发展更倾向于节约劳力（ｌａｂｏｒ－ｓａｖｉｎｇ）。一个国家农业能否持续快速地增长，很大程度上取决于它能否在一定要素供给的条件下，在各种可能的技术发展道路中进行正确的选择。本文通过对中外农业，特别是中美农业发展的比较研究，阐释了人口、资源与技术演变的关系。指出中国传统农业的成就是中国农民适应要素供给情况不断技术创新的重要经验。而１９５０—７０年代农业机械化运动失败则是对约束判断失误的具体表现。因这一失误，使我们没能更有效地利用极度匮乏的财政资源及自身的优势条件。结果不仅没能达到推进中国农业现代化的目的。
y comparing the agriculture development process of China with that of the western, this paper interprets the mutual relations among population, resource and technology, thinks population and resource are the essential conditions in the process of agriculture development, their natural endowment and amount in existence are the most important factors for the formation and development of agriculture technology course. As far as China be concerned, the Chinese traditional achievements just are the important experence abtained from the peasents adjusting the condition of factorproviding and innovating technology constantly. But the failure of agriculture mechanization during 1950—1970s is just the concrete expression of having made an incorrect restrainjudging. this led us to be unable to ulitize extremly rare finacial resource efficiently as well as ourself's advantage conditions, as a result, not only did we not reach the aim of prompting Chinese agriculture modernization, but also delaied this course.
出处
《中国农史》
CSSCI
北大核心
1997年第1期84-94,共11页
Agricultural History of China
