摘要
以往对传统农业的诸多研究，一般都侧重于对技术特性和技术变迁的考察和分析，而疏于对其作为经济过程所凸现出的基本特征及其起因的深入剖析；且有关研究经常陷入大致相同的模式里进行反复论证或技巧处理，由此严重地影响了农史理论构建，这种影响的深度和广度所及，说明了农史研究亟需植入新的方法和理论，以期在新的理论指导下和综合的视界交融中对一些重大问题进行再思和再识。本文就是在这个方向上的一种努力。文中首先对黄宗智先生提出的传统农业过密型增长机理进行审定和重新阐释，并在理论上给予进一步的明确；其次，剖析了传统农业的资源配置特点，指出在传统农业的运作中，实现资源配置的主要手段是习惯或习俗，人们把世传的范型当作有效的指导，根深蒂固的习惯支配着人们的经济生活，特别是资源的分配和流动，这是一种零利润习俗经济；最后，借鉴盛极一时的新经济史学派的理论并引证大量的史料，论述了中国传统农业曾长期领先于世界各国的制度性原因，这个原因可集中概括为两点：一是产权制度的激励机制，二是国家对小农再生产的扶持。
his paper expects applying new method and new theory to the study of agriculture history, making reinterpretion on some important problems. First, this paper makes an examination and a new interpretion on the mechanism of traditionagriculture's overcontentrated type increasing, which posed by Sr. Huang Zongzhi, and gives it a further definiton in the light of theory. Secondly, analyzes the feature of traditionagriculture's rescourceallocation, points out in the midst of the traditionagriculture's running, the main method of realizing rescourceallocation was habit and custom. People regarded handed down paradigm as valid guide, deeprooted habit dominated their economic life, especially dominated resourceassigning and resourceflowing. This is nonprofit customeconomy. Fanally, using theory of the new economy history and quoting a lot of classic documents, discusses the systemic reason of Chinese traditionagriculture's ever taking the lead for a long time in the planet. This reason can focus on two points. One is the inspirtingmechanism of propertyright system, the other is the government's supporting the small farmers reproduction.
出处
《中国农史》
CSSCI
北大核心
1997年第1期74-83,共10页
Agricultural History of China
