摘要
中国古代的"文学",是一个广义的泛文学概念,它包括美文学和学术文章在内的一切文字著作。"文"的本义是"错画"、纹理,汉字都符合"错画"、纹理的特征,因而汉文字著作都可称"文"。正如清人章炳麟所概括:"是故榷论文学,以文字为准,不以趁彰为准。"即衡量"文学"的特征是"文字",而不是"趁彰"——"文采"或"美"。与此相对照,西方"文学"更多地是指以"美"为特征的文字著作,或以"艺术"为特征的语言文字作品。这种"美"的"艺术"特征,或指"形象",或指"情感",或指"形式",或指"虚构"。中国古代文论诚然不乏对文学样式的"形象"、"情感"、"形式"、"虚构"等属性的分析,但从未把它们作为一般文学作品的必备特征来强调。
Literature, i.e. wenxue, in Chinese ancient times is a conception of broad sense that includes the aesthetic literature and the academic theses. The original meaning of wen is crisscross lines, i.e. patterns. All Chinese characters have the feature of crisscross lines or patterns, so all of works written in Chinese characters can be called literature. Therefore, Zhang Binglin, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty said that the standard of the literature is not the decoration or beauty of words but the characters. Literature in the West means mostly the works that pursue beauty or art . The aesthetic feature of decorative art can be image, feeling, form or fabrication. Though in ancient Chinese literature theory we cam find analyses of property of imoge, feeling, form or fabrication about some works, they have never been stressed as the essential features of literature.
出处
《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第5期32-37,50,共7页
Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)
基金
高等教育"十一五"国家级规划教材<中国古代文学理论>项目(B050102)
关键词
文学
文字
美
文学特征
Literature, characters, aesthetic, features of literature works
