摘要
目的调查天津农民在种植水果蔬菜过程中的农药施用状况。方法对全年随机抽取的3360名农户进行问卷调查,内容涉及施用农药的种类、频次、施药间隔及安全间隔期等。结果2005年天津市施用于水果、蔬菜的农药种类共计140种,以有机磷类杀虫剂为主,占20.7%;按施药频次排序,前10位主要为低毒低残留农药,其中有机磷类杀虫剂一遍净(吡虫啉)施用频次最多,占全年总频次的15.3%;全年总违规施药率为1.59%,四季农药违规施用率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),第三季度违规施用率最高,为2.57%;部分调查果蔬中施药次数违规率较高,其中苹果中氰戊菊酯的施药次数违规率高达95.8%。结论国家明令禁止的农药违规施用率明显好转,但部分农药的施药次数及安全间隔期违规现象比较严重。
Objective To study the use situations of pesticides of fruit and vegetable in Tianjin Area. Method Questionnaires were used to collect the information from 3 360 farmers who were randomly selected. The questionnairy contents included type, frequency, interval and safe-interval of pesticides used to fruits and vegetables. Results The pesticides types used in fruits and vegetables were 140 in 2005 in Tianjin area. The organic phosphorus pesticide were main used, which percentage was 20.7 %. According to the ranges of pesticide use frequency, pesticides of top 10 kinds were low toxicity and low residue. The use frequency of organic phosphorus pesticide imidacloprid was the most, accounted for 15.3% of the whole year. Total rate of pesticide abuse was 1.59% in a year. There were significant differences of pesticide abuse during the four seasons, and during the third season the rates of pesticide abuse were the highest, which could reach 2.57%. In certain fruits and vegetables the pesticides were illegally used. The rates of illegal use of fenvalerate in the apples were 95.8 %. Conclusion The uses of forbidden pesticides were obviously improved in our country, and the illegal phenomena of the use interval and safe-interval of certain pesticides were still serious.
出处
《中国食品卫生杂志》
2007年第5期414-417,共4页
Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene
关键词
天津
水果
蔬菜
农药
TIANJIN
Fruit
Vegetables
Pesticide
