摘要
柳江化石人髋骨曾经断裂，上下二片间相互错动移位影响了坐骨大切迹有关实测数据的准确性。本文给出了校正后的数据，并应用吴新智等（１９８２）和孙尚辉等（１９８６）提供的方法，判断柳江化石人髋骨应属男性范围。
Although Wu Rukang had asserted all of the Upper Paleolithic human skeleton found from the small cave near Tongtianyan cave, Liujiang, Guangxi belonged to a male individual. But some other scholars gave different sexing diagnosis or felt doubt of Wu′s assertion. The present paper provided evidence from several aspects for further discussing on this problem. In addition to the loss of the anteno inferior part the Liujiang innominate bone had been broken at the basal part of the ilium into upper and lower parts. These two parts had been slightly shifted from each other for about 1 5mm. The narrow fissure in between was filled up by the cave deposits which became calcified and cemented the two parts together. This shift and the filling up of the fissure made the width of sciatic notch about 1mm longer. These also made the distance between inferior posterior iliac spine and the deepest point of greater sciatic notch about 1mm shorter. The present author made some relevant measurements and retifications for necessary items on this bone. Table 1 shows the comparison between hip bones of Liujiang paleolithic man and Han people of China. It shows the Liujiang hip bone is very small and corresponds to the smallest male Han hip bone in size. Its sciatic notch index is closer to the average of male Han than that of female, although it is near the lower limit in the range of female Han. The length of the distance between inferior posterior iliac spinne and the foot of the vertical from the deepest point of greater sciatic notch to the maximum width of this notch (i.e OB length in Wu et al 1982 or the posterior segment of the maximum width of greater sciatic notch in Sun and Ou 1986) is very close to that of male Han. So the Liujiang hip bone is close to the average of female specimens in size but according to the parameters especially responsible to sexing it is more probable to belong to a male individual. The present author put relevant figures of Liujiang specimen into a chart cited from Wu et al (1982) for sexing the hip bone by length Ⅱ of ischium and OB length (or posterior segment of the maximum width of greater sciatic notch). The result indicates that Liujiang specimen is within the range of male, although not far from that of female. Sun Shanghui and Ou Yongzhang had made an equation for sexing hip bones on the basis of two angles among the measurements of greater sciatic notch of human bones unearthed from Nanjing and Northeastern part of China (Sun and Ou 1986). They draw a triangle formed by three points: A (tip of inferior posterior iliac spine), B (ischial spine) and C (deepest point of the greater sciatic notch). According to their paper the equation is: Z 0=0 003794∠A+0 005679∠C, Z 0=0 6376 is the demarcation point. Most of hip bones with Z value smaller than this are belonging to male. In Liujiang specimen ∠A is around 64°; ∠C is around 64°, Z=0 6093, indicating belonging to a male individual. In addition to sexing on the basis of measurements of hip bone itself, the present author also investigates the evidence from the sacrum and skull from the same cave. As Wu Rukang has indicated the sacro iliac articular surface of Liujiang hip corresponds to not only upper two sacral vertebrae but also to the third sacral vertebra (Woo, 1959). This is characteristic of male sex. The present author has made comparisons among skulls from Liujiang and Minatogawa as well as Upper Cave. The coefficient of divergence (CV) between Liujiang and Minatogawa No 1 is 0 029. The CV between two Minatogawa female skulls (Nos 2 and 4) is 0 033; that between two female skulls of Upper Cave (Nos 102 and 103) is 0 030. So the divergence between Liujiang and Minatogawa No 1 is so small that it corresponds to the divergence between two female individuals from each of these two sites. The Minatogawa skull No 1 was associated with nearly complete skeleton buried in an almost anatomically normal state(Suzuki and Hanihara 1982), so the sexing of this individual is highly confident. Therefore Liujiang skull and hip bone should
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第2期107-111,共5页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
关键词
髋骨
性别判断
柳江
体质人类学
Innominate, Sexing, Liujiang, Upper Paleolithic
