摘要
本文介绍了小黑麦与小偃麦三属间杂交的实验,其结果表明,正反交共39个组合,平均结实率为17.07%。正交种子发育正常,反交种子胚乳发育不完全或胚完全退化。八倍体小黑麦杂交组合的 F_1,F_2杂种生活力和育性均好于六倍体组合,八倍体杂交组合的 F_1 PMC 染色体基本构型为21Ⅱ+14Ⅰ;六倍体组合为14Ⅱ+2Ⅲ。F_2植株的染色体数变异广泛,减数分裂的染色体构型极其丰富,并出现了一些育性较高,饱满度较好的单株,其它农艺性状变异也很广泛。实验表明小黑麦与小偃麦三属间的杂交对小黑麦的改良和小麦育种均有一定的意义。
39 combinations of Triticale and Agrotriticum were made.Average cross-fertility was 17.07 percent(2.8～39.08%),Hybrid seeds from Triticale ×Agrotriticum developed nomally,but seeds from the reciprocal cross(Agrotriticum×Trticale)were deeply shrivelled with degenerative embryos.In F_1 and F_2,viability and fertility in combinations of octoploid Triticale×Agrotriticum werehigher than in hexaploid Triticale×Agrotriticum.The chromosome configurationin F_1 was 21Ⅱ+14Ⅰ in combinations octoploid Triticale×Agrotriticum and 14Ⅱ+21Ⅰ in combinations of hexaploid Triticale×Agrotriticum,The chromosomenumber and chromosome configuration varied greatly in F_2 generation.Anumber of plants with higher ferfility and better grain quality were found.Agronomic characters exhibited great variation.Trigenetic hybridization bycrossing Triticale with Agrotriticum was prospective not only for Triticaleimprove ment,but also for wheat breeding.
关键词
小黑麦
小偃麦
杂交
育性
Triticale
Agrotriticum
trigenetic hybridization
fertility
chromosome
