摘要
中国的石炭系相当发育,富含多门类化石。由于对其中双壳类化石的研究程度颇低,目前要详细讨论石炭纪双壳类的生物地理分区、建立双壳类化石带或组合带尚为时过早。本文仅就我国石炭纪双壳类的分布、发育情况及其特征进行总结,并分析、讨论它们的生活习性。为了说明我国石炭纪双壳类在这个纲的演化史中所占的地位,也扼要回顾了全球石炭纪海相双壳类动物群的面貌及其特征。
Here reviewed are 92 genera in 33 families of Carboniferous bivalves over the world, with their characters summarized in the first part of the present paper. Among them, 39.1% of the families ranged from below the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, 56 genera (60.9%) and 11 families (32.4%) appeared for the first time, while 64.1% of the genera and 84.8% of the families survied into the Permian, but 19 genera and 1 family (Monopteriidae) existed only during the Carboniferous. Represented in the Carboniferous are 15 Recent families, with 3 of them (Pinnidae, Limidae, and Fimbriidae) originating in the same period.The Carboniferous, especially the early Early Carboniferous bivalves are well-developed and highly diversified in China. Up to now, 316 species and 73 genera in 29 families of Carboniferous bivalves have been found from 103 localities throughout the country. Among them, 182 species, 38 genera and 12 families are assigned to Pteriomorphia, occupying a dominant position; 60 species, 10 genera and 4 families to Anomalodesmata; 30 species, 9 genera and 6 families to Heterodonta; 25 species, 6 genera and 4 families to Palaeotaxodonta; 17 species, 3 genera and 2 families to Palaeoheterodonta; and 2 species, 1 genus and 1 family to Cryptodonta. These bivalves are characterized by: (1) the high development and diversity of Aviculopectinidae and Myalinidae, in place of Pterineidae and Pterinopectinidae, which were well-developed and diversified in Devonian, but sharply declining in Carboniferous; (2) the basically cosmopolitan genera, except these endemic forms which were also developed, such as Cucullopsis, Palaeolucina, and Glyptoconcha; and (3) the endemic nature of most species; however, some species show their affinities to those of North America and Europe. China may be one of the most important areas in the world for studying and understanding Carboniferous bivalves. The stratigraphic distribution of Carboniferous bivalves in the four faunal regions of China are discussed stage by stage.The life habits of the Carboniferous bivalves are briefly discussed in the last part of this paper, with a diagram showing the life habit reconstruction of Carboniferous bivalves of China. About 43.8% of the genera are assigned to the epifauna with byssate attachment, which are almost four times more than that of living byssate bivalves.
出处
《古生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第1期84-93,共10页
Acta Palaeontologica Sinica
