摘要
目的分析疑似尘肺(0+)的流行病学特征,探讨其发生发展过程和规律,为疑似尘肺的合理定位提供科学依据。方法将20个厂矿(分为钨矿、锡矿和瓷厂3类)1972年1月1日至1974年12月31日期间在这些厂矿工作至少1年的在册接尘工人作为研究对象,进行回顾性队列研究;随访至1994年12月31日。结果(1)观察对象中有疑似尘肺诊断的病例数为9861例,累积发生率为29.3%;瓷厂的发生率高达32.5%,显著高于其他两个矿(P=0.000)。(2)尘肺病例中有0+记录者占总尘肺病例的60.6%;经0+→Ⅰ期→Ⅱ期→Ⅲ期过程逐步发展的尘肺例数占总尘肺数的56.9%。(3)疑似尘肺的平均潜伏期为(20.8±8.6)年;锡矿最短,仅为(16.9±7.9)年;瓷厂最长,为(24.6±7.7)年。0+潜伏期比Ⅰ期尘肺短约2.1年。(4)观察期内疑似尘肺(0+)进展为Ⅰ期尘肺的发生率为48.7%,显著高于其他非疑似病例接尘者的发病率13.1%(P=0.000)。(5)0+晋升为Ⅰ期尘肺(0+→Ⅰ)的平均时间为5.1年。不同年代0+→Ⅰ的晋期时间不同,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001);随着年代的后移,晋期时间明显延长,其变化规律与Ⅰ→Ⅱ晋期时间变化趋势一致。(5)疑似尘肺生存时间为27.2年,较Ⅰ期尘肺患者长5.2年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论疑似尘肺(0+)是工人接尘后早期肺部病理改变的一个重要阶段,是尘肺发生发展的早期过程,易发展为尘肺。应及时制定相关政策,给予疑似尘肺工人适当关怀。
Objective To analyze epidemiologic characteristics of suspected-pneumoconiosis and to provide scientific evidences for rational treatment with them. Methods Data of a retrospective cohort study were re-analyzed wiith emphasis on epidemiologic leatures of the suspected-p Silica dust exposed workers who were employed for at least lyear from 1972 to 1974 in twenty Chfinese mines or pottery, factories were involved as subjects, and followed up to December 31, 1994. Results The number of cases diagnosed as suspected pneumoconiosis was 9 861 among subjects. The eLanulative incidence rate was 29.3%, Milch was significantly higher in pottery factories （32.5%） than that in tungsten or tin mines （ P = 0.000）. The percent was 60.6% of 0^＋ recording and 56.9% of pneumoconiosis developed from 0＊ to Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ stage. The mean latency of suspected pneumoconiosis was （20.8± 8.6） years; the shortest was in tin nfines, only （ 16.9± 7.9） years, while the longest was in pottery factories, （24.6 ± 7.7） years. 48.7% of eases of the suspeeted-pnettmoeoniosis developed as pnetumoeoniosis during observation periods, wlfieh was obviously lfigher than that of other dust exposed workers, and average years from 0^＊ to stage Ⅰ of pnemoeoniosis were 5.1 years. The survial times of suspeeted pnetunoeoniosis was 27.2 years that was notably longer than that of stage Ⅰ （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The suspeeted-pneu- moeoniosis is an important phase of pathologieal ehange after silica dust exposure and easy to develop a ease of pnetanoeoniosis. Most of pneumoconiosis undergo tiffs primeval process. It is necessary to establish related poliey for siliea dust exposed workers with suspeetedpnetumceoniosis and give them rational treatment.
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
2007年第4期321-324,共4页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
"十五"国家医学科技攻关课题(2001BA704B04)
关键词
疑似尘肺
流行病学特征
回顾性队列研究
潜在因素
进展
Suspected-pnetumoconiosis
Epidemiologic characteristics
Retrospective cohort study
Latency
Progression
