摘要
利用1961-2005年近45年哈密地区6个站点的观测资料,分析了该地区的平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温和平均日较差、炎热日以及寒冷日的年际、年代际的变化特征,同时对降水、云量等要素也进行了分析,揭示其与哈密地区温度变化的可能关系。结果表明,近45年来哈密地区气候显著增暖,平均气温在夏季增暖幅度最大,春季最弱。1990年代以后增暖趋势表现最明显,21世纪以来增幅最大。与平均气温变化趋势相一致,最高温度和最低温度也呈显著升高趋势,其中最低温度的升高幅度远大于最高温度和平均气温的升高幅度。哈密地区近45年平均日较差显著减小,这主要是因为最低气温的升高幅度大于最高气温的升高幅度。在全球增暖背景下,哈密地区的炎热日数显著增加,而寒冷日数显著减少。个别站的气温增温不明显,这与局地的降水、云量增加,日照减少有一定关系。此外,哈密地区冬季平均气温在1980年代中后期有一次明显的突变,突变时间晚于新疆其他地区5~6年左右,表明气候突变在不同地区会有不同的表现。
Based on the meteorological data from 6 observational stations in Harni, Xinjiang during 1961 -2005, characteristics of air temperature, daily range, hot day and cool day were analyzed. In order to find the relationship between the temperature and other weather conditions, precipitation and cloud fraction were also discussed. The results show that the temperature has increased remarkably in Hami area in recent 45 years, with the most obvious warming occurring in summer,but the warming trends in spring were weak. The warming was the most remarkable after the 1990＇s, and the largest increase range appeared in recent years of the 21st century. Similar to the average temperature, the maximum and minimum temperature had increasing trends. The reason of obvious decrease in daily range was that the extent of warming in the minimum temperature is larger than that of the maximum temperature. Under the global warming background, the hot days were increasing but the cool days decreasing. There was some difference in the warming trends in several stations. The possible reasons of the difference are related to the increasing of the precipitation and cloud fraction and the reducing sunshine-hour. Moreover winter average air temperature of Hami jumped in the 1980＇s, and the jumping time was 5 to 6 years later than that in the other area of Xinjiang. Therefore, there were differences in the climate jump in different area.
出处
《气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第7期89-97,共9页
Meteorological Monthly
关键词
温度变化
突变
日较差
change of air temperature climate jump daily temperature range
