6Jackson GW,Kokich VG,Shapiro PA.Experimental response to anteriorly directed extraoal force in younge Macaca Nemestrina.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1979,75(6):319-333.
7Kim JH,Viana MA,Graber TM,et al.The effectiveness of protraction face mask therapyt a meta-analysis.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1999,115(6):675-685.
8Kapust AJ,Sinclair PM,Turley PK.Cephalometric effects of face mask/expansion therapy in Class Ⅲ children:A comparison of three age groups.Am J orthod,1998,113(2):204-212.
5Dahlberg G.Statistieal methods for medical and biological students [M].New York:Interscience Publications,1940.122-132.
6Hart RT,Hennebel VV,Thongreda N,et al.Modeling the biomechanics of the mandible:Athree-dimensionalfinite element study[J].J Biomechanics,1992,25(3):261-286.
7Merouch KA,Watanable F,Mentag PJ.Finite element analysis of partially edentulous mandible rehabilitated with an osteointegrated cylindricalimplant[J].JImplant,1987,13(2):215-238.
9Tanne K, Lu YC, Tanaka E, et al. Biomechanieal changes of the mandible from orthopaedic chin cup force studied in a three-dimensional finite element model[J]. Eur J Orthod, 1993,15(6):527- 533.
10Tanne K, Tanaka E, Sakuda M. Stress distribution in the temporomandibular joint produced by orthopedic chincup forces applied in varying directions: A three-dimensional analytic approach with the finite element method[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 1996, 110(5) :502 - 507.
