摘要
本文研究了中国黄土高原同一自然年度下的3个模拟降水,施用氮素的生产效应及至作效应,明确了在400～600mm降水范围内的产量变幅、生产潜力,及土壤水分动态变化规律。产量随着水分的增加报酬递增,水分生产效率提高,耗水系数降低。氮肥和降水有明显的相互促进作用,增加降水可促进化肥肥效,适量增加氮素可提高降水利用效率。归纳二者的关系是水多肥多增产幅度大,水少肥多导致减产,水多肥少增产幅度小,水少肥少产量最低,研究找到了水肥互作效应的定量关系,还明确了在降水充足的条件下,旱地小麦适量增施氮肥并采取部分春季追肥具有明显增产效果,这为旱地小麦春季不追肥的传统习惯提供了改进的意见。
Effects of rainfalls, nitrogens and their interactions on wheat were studied in Loess Plateau, China. Three rainfalls were simulated under the same natural growing season. Results showed that with the increasing of rainfall within the range of rainfall 400-600 mm, yield increased directly, efficiency of water increased and index of water expenses decreased. Effects of rainfall and nitrogen are impelled each other obviously. It means increasing rainfall can improve nitrogen efficiency and vice versa. In one word, yield will be increased in a large range under sufficient water and fertilizer; yield will decreased when water is decreased and input of fertilizer increased; under sufficient water and less fertilizer yield can be increased; when water and fertilizer are both insufficient, yield will be the lowest level. Quantitative relationships between rainfall and fertilizer are disclosed, If rainfall is sufficient, wheat yield will be increased obviously through increasing nitrogen appropriately with partly applying in spring. The results provide a view of improving the traditional habit which do not apply fertilizers to dryland winter wheat in spring.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第3期263-270,共8页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
山西省科委资助项目
关键词
半干旱区
降水年型
氮
旱地
小麦
产量
Semi-arid region
Rainfall
Nitrogen supply
Rain-fed wheat
