摘要
针对无公害蔬菜生产中重金属污染的现实问题,提出蔬菜降污专用肥概念,并以蔬菜中较为普遍的Pb和Cd污染为对象,进行重金属钝化剂的筛选及其蔬菜降污专用肥应用效果研究。重金属钝化剂筛选的试验结果表明,4种钝化剂都能降低土壤重金属有效态含量,并使小白菜Pb、Cd含量下降,幅度分别达到13.4%￣46.7%、18.9%￣38.1%,土壤Pb、Cd有效态含量与小白菜含量呈显著相关性,其回归方程分别为YPb=-2.475+0.092x(r2=0.864*)和YCd=-0.027+0.620x(r2=0.842*)。考虑到与肥料配伍等综合因素,选择盐基熔磷和固体硫化物作为蔬菜降污专用肥的钝化剂。蔬菜降污专用配方肥在空心菜上的试验结果表明,添加钝化剂(尤其在有机肥配施基础上),长势明显较好,Pb的污染系数由0.89下降到0.11和0.74,Cd的污染系数由1.36下降到0.02,增产幅度达7.77%￣70.71%。从空心菜叶片细胞的超显微电镜结构观测,添加钝化剂能显著减少Pb、Cd对叶绿体、线粒体等细胞结构的损伤,从而减轻对细胞生理活动及生化反应的整体伤害,有利于空心菜更好地进行光合作用,达到增产、降污的效果。
The concept of special fertilizer for reducing pollution in vegetable has been put forward in connection with present situation of heavy metal pollution in the production of pollution-free vegetables. Heavy metals, Pb and Cd, which were popularly accumulated in vegeta- bles, were selected as test indexes in heavy metal passivators screening and the application effect of special fertilizer for reducing heavy metal pollution in vegetables. The experimental results showed that all 4 different kinds of passivators were able to reduce the available content of heavy metals in soil, and then decreased the Pb and Cd contents in Brassica rapa L.Chinensis by 13.4%-46.7% and 18.9%-38.1% respec- tively. The available contents of Pb and Cd in soil were obviously related with the contents of Pb and Cd in the vegetable. The regression equations were Ypb=-2.475＋0.092x（r^2=0.864＊） and YCd=-0.027＋0.620x（r^2=0.842＊ ） respectively. Considering the comprehensive factors such as the matching of fertilizers with passivators, base-phosphorus and solid sulfide were selected as passivators in manufacturing the special fertilizer. Adding passivators （especially matching with organic manures） could reduce the pollution coefficients of Pb from 0.89 to 0.11 and 0.74, Cd from 1.36 to 0.02, and the yield of Lpomoea aquetica increase d by 7.77%-70.71%. According to the observation of the uhrastructure of leaf cells, adding passivators could alleviate the damage of cell physiological activity and biochemical reaction by decreasing the damnification of chloroplast and mitochondria＇s structure. Moreover, the passivators could increase the yield and decrease pollution by enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency of Lpomoea aquetica.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第4期1390-1395,共6页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
福建省科技厅重大项目(2001Z063)
(2005S005)
福建省财政专项--福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设基金(STIF-Y01)
关键词
蔬菜
重金属钝化剂
降污肥
超微结构
vegetable
heavy metal passivator
special fertilizer for reducing heavy metal pollution
ultrastructure
