摘要
目前的农村政治学研究有三个流行的基本范式,即国家与社会研究范式、新制度主义研究范式、政治经济学研究范式。但是,这三个研究范式都有其局限性。未来农村政治学研究范式应当向多元拓展:一方面,它应当从社会视角向国家视角转换;另一方面,它应当从宏大、系统、必然、普遍等系统世界的结构主义的研究范式中走出来,从科学的真实走向感觉的真实。从这个意义上说,采用微观权力分析、话语分析及日常政治分析范式,对于再现农村变迁的变动性、片断性,呈现农村社会的真实图景十分有益。微观权力分析是一种关系/事件的分析方法,它放弃了现代理论所使用的表层/深层模式和因果模式,以这种权力的微观物理学的方式来观察农村社会,在某种程度上可以使社会运作机制在微观技术层面得以显现;话语分析同其他各种"传统的"分析相区隔的是,它并不对特定的问题提供各种绝对的答案,而是使研究者能够认识到隐藏在一个特定"问题"背后的各种状况,意识到该"问题"的"本质"与它的"(各种)解决方案"本身乃是基于它的各种假设,正是这些假设使得那个"问题"得以存在;日常政治分析则着重于从理性回归到生活世界,主张从日常的具体的行动去思考制度与结构问题。
The paradigms of rural political study mainly used at present are state and society, poLiticaL economy, new institutionalism, which has its limitations. In the future, the paradigms of rural political study will have to be developed plurally. On the one hand, the perspective of the rural study should transform from the social angle of view to the national angle of view; On the other hand, it should go out from the structuralism research models of great, systematic, inevitable and general world. From the view of this point, it＇s helpful to use the paradigms of the micro-power analysis, the discourse analysis and the everyday political practice analysis, which should be beneficial to the presentation of fortuitousness, the uncertainty, the fragmentation of the rural transformation ,and the presentation of the real picture of the rural society. The micro-power analysis is the method of relation/event analysis, it gives up the surface and inside pattern and the cause and effect model, which can present the social operational mechanism in the microscopic technical aspect to some extent;The differences of the discourse analysis from the traditional analysis are： it enables the researcher to realize the hidden condition behind the problem, realizes that ＂the essence＂ of the problem and the solutions are based on its supposition, rather than provide an absolute answer to the specific problem; is precisely these suppositions causes that ＂the question＂ to be able to exist; The everyday political practice analysis argues that the study returns emphatically to the life world from the rationality , and inspects the structure and institution from the concrete action of everyday.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第6期25-31,共7页
Academic Monthly
关键词
农村政治学
研究范式
微观权力分析
话语分析
rural political study, paradigm, micro-power analysis, discourse analysis
