摘要
自明中叶起,“歇家”以仓场为中心,利用其各种功能,在为纳户提供各种服务的同时,他们还与各色人员互相勾结包揽了纳户赋役上纳,成为了在仓场支配纳户行为的核心力量,明政府为了利用和控制这股力量,大规模把“歇家”编为仓役。结果仓内仓外尽是“歇家”,形成了“盘踞仓场型歇家”群体。清初针对仓役“歇家”把持仓场的情形,采取了革除仓役“歇家”之名和分化“歇家”职能的措施,在这场变革中,仓役“歇家”之名逐渐销声匿迹了。与此同时,在粮长和里甲赋役征收体制解体和崩溃过程中,“歇家”利用其各种力量和关系,开始大规模揽纳赋役,逐步成为赋役征收的主力之一。这种“歇家”以州县粮里为活动中心,根据其包纳方式可概称为“粮里型歇家”和“保歇型歇家”两种。
Xiejia became the core in controlling tax-payers in mid Ming dynasty and formed a group of people dominating the storehouses.The group almost disappeared in early Qing dynasty with its name abolished and its functions dissembled.But Xiejia gradually became one of the major forces in collecting taxes with the Liangzhang and Lijia systems breaking down and collected tax in a large scale.It had two types according to its collecting methods:Liangli type and Baoxie type.
出处
《史林》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第3期50-66,共17页
Historical Review
