摘要
目的确定臀三角内梨状肌上、下孔和坐骨神经的体表定位,为临床应用提供解剖学资料。方法解剖观察30侧成人臀区标本。以同侧股骨大转子外侧缘最突出点（A）、坐骨结节（B）、髂后上棘（C）三点,形成的三角形区域称为臀三角。观测臀三角内梨状肌、坐骨神经、梨状肌上、下孔以及穿梨状肌上、下孔的血管神经与臀三角的位置关系。结果臀三角各边的长度分别为：髂后上棘转子间距,男（15.2±1.35）cm,女（11.5±0.72）cm;髂后上棘结节间距,男（13.3±0.87）cm,女（10.3±0.49）cm;转子结节间距,男（8.3±0.83）cm,女（5.5±0.61）cm。臀上动脉、静脉、神经出入梨状肌上孔的体表投影在髂后上棘与大转子连线中、上2/5交界处向下0-6.8 mm内;臀下动脉、静脉、神经出入梨状肌下孔处的体表投影在髂后上棘与坐骨结节连线中、下2/5处;坐骨神经出梨状肌下孔处的体表投影在坐骨结节与大转子连线中外3/5处。结论臀三角的相关数据对临床应用具有一定的参考价值。
Objective To determine surface projection of suprapitiform foramen, infrapiriform foramen and sciatic nerve in anal triangle, so as to provide anatomical data for the clinical application. Methods Thirty dead adult haunchs were dissected and measured. The anal triangle was made up of the ischial tuberosity, the posterior superior iliac spine and the most prominent point at the lateral border of greater troehanter of femur, the position relation between anal triangle and piriformis, sciatic nerve and blood vessel permeating suprapitiform foramen and infrapiriform foramen were measured. Results The length between posterior superior iliac spine and greater trochanter of femur was （ 15.2 ± 1.35） cm for man and （ 11.5 ± 0. 72） cm for woman ; the length between posterior superior iliac spine and ischial tuberosity was （ 13.3 ±0.87） cm in man and （ 10.3 ±0.49） cm in woman; the length between greater trochanter of femur and ischial tuberosity was （8.3 ±0.83 ） cm in man and （5.5 ± 0.61 ） cm in woman; the surface projection where the superior gluteal artery, superior gluteal veins and superior gluteal nerve permeate the suprapitiform foramen was below the point 0 - 6.8 mm between 2/5 superior and middle trunk from posterior superior iliac spine to greater trochanter of femur; the surface projection where the inferior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal veins and inferior gluteal nerve permeate the infrapiriform foramen was at the point between 2/5 inferior and middle trunk from posterior superior iliac spine to ischial tuberosity; the surface projection where sciatic nerve permeate the infrapiriform foramen was at the point between 3/5 lateral and middle trunk from ischial tuberosity to greater trochanter of femur. Conclusion The data about anal triangle can provide anatomical reference for the clinical application.
出处
《局解手术学杂志》
2007年第3期152-154,共3页
Journal of Regional Anatomy and Operative Surgery
关键词
臀三角
梨状肌
坐骨神经
应用解剖
anal triangle
piriformis
sciatic nerve
applied anatomy
