摘要
本文首先将儿化现象分为音变儿化和小称儿化，前者是单纯由语音条件促发的，不涉及语义和句法变化，后者语音变化是语义和句法变化的外化手段。儿化除了可．以转指构成新词之外，还可以自指，纯粹作为名词化手段，功能在于改变词类。“转类”的儿化，标志着儿化已经可以作为一种句法屈折手段。一个指称对象如果有儿化与非儿化两种形式，儿化不用作无指和类指。1）从语音特征上看，“儿”经历了从自由到附着的衰减过程。2）从语法功能上看，“儿”经历了从自由语素到屈折手段的虚化过程。3）从意义上看，“儿”经历了从客观量到主观量，进而失去附加意义成为表现名词“量”特征的手段。
The non-syllabic -er in Beijing dialect is regarded as two types in this paper:1) mutation, e.g. the demonstrative zhèr (这儿,here), the time noun zuór (昨儿,yesterday); 2) diminutive suffix, e.g. rénr(人儿,person), wánr(玩儿,play). The first type is motivated by phonemic conditions and no diminutive meaning involved while the second only serves as a morphological process with no phonemic motivation. Based on Chao’s argument (1968), this paper suggests that the suffix -er acts as: 1) derivation, such as chī(吃,to eat) vs. chīr(吃儿,food); 2) inflection, such as sǐ(死,die) vs. sǐr(死儿,death). When a referent is presented in a noun ending in suffix -er with a no -er suffix noun co-occurring in contexts, the -er ending noun serves in referential referring, while the no -er suffix noun serves in generic or non-referential one. Diachronically, the noun ér(儿,child) obtained its morphological evolution in: compound > derivation > inflection, and semantic bleaching process in: objective diminutive > subjective diminutive > marker of quantifiable noun.
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第2期5-13,共9页
Chinese Teaching in the World
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(批准号:05AYY003)“汉语动态呈现语法研究”资助
关键词
儿化
派生
屈折
客观量
主观量
量特征
diminutive suffix,derivation,inflection,objective diminutive,subjective diminutive,marker of quantifiable noun
