摘要
过量施肥通常导致集约化菜田土壤质量劣化、养分利用效率低及环境风险增加。合理的养分资源管理需要考虑蔬菜的养分吸收规律、土壤养分的迁移和转化及环境养分供应的特点。由于土壤氮素具有较强的移动性,氮素养分资源管理可通过根层氮素实时监控来实现;而磷和钾养分水平在土壤中相对比较稳定,可采取衡量监控技术决定养分的需要量。菜田有机肥的投入总量及其氮磷养分的释放特点也是养分资源管理中的重要内容。有机肥施用于新菜田应考虑“以氮定量”的原则,而施用于土壤有效磷过量累积的老菜田,应采取“以磷定量”原则,来控制有机肥中的磷素投入;根据不同有机肥的氮磷释放特点的差异,可搭配施用不同比例和类型有机肥,以满足作物主要生育期的养分需求,减少环境污染的风险。
Excessive fertilization was one of the main factors to cause low nutrient use efficiency and degrade soil quality in intensive vegetable planting system. Optimum nutrient management includes crop uptake pattern, environmental nutrient supply and the characteristics of soil nutrient supply. Reactive nitrogen in soil, which is ＂active＂ to transport in soil profile or transform to other form, should be real-time controlled in the root zone. On the contrary, phosphorus and potassium was relatively inactive in soil, maintenance controlling management is enough. The total input of organic manure could be quantified according to the N input form organic manure in low-fertility vegetable fields. However, when the available P was excessive in soil, the input of organic manure had to be quantified according to the input of P from organic manure. Organic manure with different characteristics could be mixed to apply for satisfying the nutrient demand of plant in most growth period, in order to reduce environmental risk.
出处
《生态环境》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第2期714-718,共5页
Ecology and Environmnet
基金
农业部948项目(2006-G60)
关键词
可持续蔬菜生产
养分管理
有机肥定量
土壤肥力
sustainable vegetable production
nutrient management
quantifying organic manure
soil fertility
