摘要
评估生命价值最常用的两种方法是人力资本法和支付意愿法。用人力资本法评估生命价值的前提是人的生命可以用一个人未来的生产能力来计量,而用支付意愿法评估生命价值的前提是人的生命可以用一个人为降低死亡风险而愿意支付的货币金额来计量。支付意愿法又包括工资—风险法、消费市场法和条件价值法3种类型。工资—风险法通过分析一个人的工资与其工作风险之间的关系来估算生命价值;消费市场法关注的是人们在其进行消费决策时,在风险与价格之间的权衡;而条件价值法则是给定一个假定情景,请被访者对货币和风险进行直接权衡来估算生命价值。笔者对国内外生命价值评估研究进行述评,指出了各种评估方法的优缺点。支付意愿法已成为国外学者评估生命价值的主流方法,学习借鉴国外的研究经验,将这一方法运用于我国的生命价值评估研究是今后国内研究的一个方向。
The most commonly used methods to evaluate the value of a statistical life （VSL） are human capital （HK） approach and willingness to pay （WTP） approach. HK approach is based upon the idea that a life should be measured by an individual＇s potentials for future production, and WTP approach upon the idea that value of life can be estimated by the quantity of money a person would be willing to pay to reduce the risk of death. WTP approach includes three kinds of approaches; one is ＂wage-risk＂ approach which calculates VSL by correlating a person~ wages with the degree of risk she or he encounters at work ; another is ＂consumer market＂ approach which calculates VSL by examining the balance people make between risk and price; the rest is ＂condition-valuation＂ approach which calculates VSL by setting a hypothetical scenario in which respondents must make a balance between currency and risk of death. This paper reviews evaluating methods for VSL at home and abroad, and points out their advantages and disadvantages. WTP approach has been widely used to estimate the value of a statistical life by scholars abroad. So it is a tendency to use WTP method to valuate the VSL in China.
出处
《中国安全科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2007年第3期56-61,共6页
China Safety Science Journal
关键词
生命价值(VSL)
评估方法
人力资本法
支付意愿法
条件价值法
value of a statistical life（VSL）
evaluation method
human capital approach
approach of willingness to pay
condition-valuation approach
