摘要
在我国云南省高等真菌中寻找新的天然农用抗真菌活性物质时,发现炭球菌子实体甲醇提取物具有较强的离体抗真菌活性。采用生物活性追踪和化学分离相结合的方法,从中分离得到2个具有较强农用抗真菌活性化合物,经红外、质谱、氢谱和碳谱确定其为L-696,474和cytochalasin D。在离体和活体条件下分别测定了L-696,474和cytochalasin D对10种植物病原菌的菌丝抑制率和2种植物病原菌的孢子萌发率,并评价了其对小麦白粉病的治疗和保护作用。结果表明:小麦纹枯病菌、油菜菌核病菌对L-696,474最为敏感,浓度为10μg/mL时菌丝抑制率分别为83.5%和82.9%;小麦赤霉病菌、小麦全蚀病菌、油菜菌核病菌、小麦叶枯病菌和苹果炭疽病菌对cytochalasin D最为敏感,浓度为10μg/mL时菌丝抑制率分别为83.6%、82.4%、81.9%、80.5%和79.7%。L-696,474和cytochalasin D在200μg/mL时完全抑制苹果炭疽病的孢子萌发;在500μg/mL时对小麦白粉病10天后的治疗作用分别为74.3%和85.7%,保护作用为67.1%和79.5%。
In the course of screening for novel naturally occurring fungicides from mushrooms in Yunnan Province, China, the ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of Daldinia concentria was found to show antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi. The active compounds were isolated from the fruiting bodies of D. concentria by bioassay-guided of the fractionation of the extract and identified as L-696,474 and cytochalasin D by IR, ＇ H and ,3 C NMR and mass spectral analysis. Their antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro against 10 plant pathogenic fungi and in vivo against the plant disease of Erysiphe graminis. In vitro, R. solani and Sclerotinina sclerotiorum were the most sensitive to L-696, 474, and their mycelial growth inhibitions were 83.5% and 82.9% at 10μg/mL, respectively. Rhizoctonia solani, Gaeumanno- myces graminis, S. sclerotiorum, Fusicladium pyrnum, Gloeosporium fructigenum were the most sensitive to cytochalasin D, and their mycelial growth inhibitions were 83.6%, 82.4%, 81.9%, 80.5% and 79.7% at 10μg/mL, respectively. Spore germination of G.fructigenum was almost completely inhibited by 200μg/ mL for L-696, 474 and cytochalasin D. In vivo, the curative effects of L-696,474 and cytochalasin D on E. graminis were 74.3% and 85.7% at 500μg/mL, respectively, after 10 days. The preventive effects of L-696, 474 and cytochalasin D on E. graminis were 67.1% and 79.5% at 500μg/mL, respectively, after 10 days.
出处
《植物保护学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第2期113-122,共10页
Journal of Plant Protection
基金
国家自然科学基金(30671385)
云南省自然科学基金(2005C0052M)
