摘要
经济快速增长导致中国石油进口量在2006年大幅上升。2006年,原油和成品油及其他石油产品净进口量显著增加,抵消了液化石油气(LPG)净进口量的减少,使石油净进口量增长17%,达到1.693亿吨。原油加工量的增加和新增炼油能力的投产使中国原油进口量连续第五年上升,2006年中国原油净进口量达到1.388亿吨,比上一年增长16.7%。中国石油、中国石化两大集团炼油厂进口依存度首次超过50%。高硫重质原油进口量增加到4800万吨,占进口总量的比例继续保持在1/3。原油进口进一步多元化,2006年从中东进口原油的份额降低到45.2%,这是自1997年以来对中东原油依赖度最低的一年。中东和非洲原油占进口总量的3/4以上。液化石油气进口量继续下降,降至535.64万吨。2007年新增炼油能力投产和战略石油储备进油的需要将增加对进口原油的需求,裂化和脱硫能力的扩大将进一步改善高硫重质原油的加工能力。装置和油品结构调整正在改变炼厂供应格局,增产石脑油将减少汽油的出口量,增建加氢装置将缓解柴油供应紧张局面。
Rapid economic growth caused a surge in China's oil imports in 2006. With the decrease in net import of LPG more than offset by significant increase in China's net import of crude oil, refined oil, and other oil products, China's net oil imports rose by 17% to 169.3 million tons. Increase in crude oil throughput, plus the addition of new oil refining capacity, has enabled China's crude oil imports to rise for five consecutive years. China's net crude oil imports reached 138.8 million tons in 2006, which is 16.7% more than last year. For the first time over 50% of the crude oil used by CNPC's and Sinopec's oil refineries was imported. Import of high sulfur heavy crude oil increased to 48 million tons, still around one third of total imports as in previous years. The sources of crude oil imports were further diversified, with the percentage of crude oil imported from the Middle East reduced to 45.2% of imports in 2006, the lowest percentage share since 1997. But imports from the Middle East and Africa still accounted for three fourths of the total. LPG imports in 2006 declined to 5.3564 million tons. The operation of newly added refining capacity, together with the need to increase China's strategic oil reserve, are expected to increase China's demand for imported crude oil in 2007. The increase in cracking and desulfurization capacity will significantly boost the refining of high-sulfur and heavy crude oil. Ongoing facility and oil-product market restructuring is reshaping supply by refineries, with increase in naphtha output likely to reduce gasoline exports and the addition of hydrogenation facilities to loosen the strain on diesel fuel supply.
出处
《国际石油经济》
2007年第3期14-21,共8页
International Petroleum Economics
