2Jameson F,Ivan D,Zhiyue L,et al. Absence of the interstitial cells of Cajal in patients with gastroparesis and correlation with clinical findings. J Gastroenterol Surg,2005,9:102- 108.
3Kalff JC,Carlos TM,Schraut WH,et al. Surgically induced leukocytic infiltrate within the rat intestinal muscularis mediate postoperative ileus. Gastroenterology,1999,117:378- 387.
4Kalff JC,Schraut WH,Billiar TR,et al. Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in postoperative intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction in rodents. Gastroenterology,2000,118:316- 327.
5Schwartz NT,Beer- Stolz D,Simmons RL,et al. Pathogenesis of paralytic ileus:intestinal manipulation opens a transient pathway between the intestinal lumen and the leukocytic infiltrate of the jejunal muscularis. Ann Surg,2002,235:31- 40.
6De Winter BY,Robberecht P,Boeckxstaens GE,et al. Role of VIP1/PACAP receptors in postoperative ileus in rats. Br J Pharmocol,1998,124:1181- 1186.
7Moraca RJ,Sheldon DG,Thirlby RC. The role of epidural anesthesia and analgesia in surgical practice. Ann Surg,2003,238:663- 673.
8Tittel A,Schippers E,Anurov M,et al. Shorter postoperative atony after laparoscopic- assisted colonic resection? An animal study. Surg Endosc,2001,15:508- 512.
9Mutlu GM,Mutlu EA,Factor P. GI complications in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest,2001,119:1222- 1241.
10Correia MI,da Silva RG. The impact of early nutrition on metabolic response and postoperative ileus. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care,2004,7: 577- 583.