摘要
１９９５年全国脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）报告发病数为１６８例，分布于１５０个县，发病数分别较ｌ９９３年和１９９４年下降了７４％和４５％。ｌ９９５年仅在云南省发现１例缅甸籍脊灰Ⅰ型野病毒病例，全国木发现本土脊灰野病毒病例。这标志着我国已进入消灭脊灰的后期关键阶段，今后进一步加强监测和免疫仍然是我国消灭脊灰工作的重点。１９９３年以来，我国脊灰发病的季节性高峰逐年消失，脊灰发病的聚集性缩小。而急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例的发病却呈明显的夏秋季高峰，５～１０月的发病数约占全年病例总数的６７％。ＡＦＰ病例监测的敏感性逐年提高，报告范围逐年扩大，ｌ９９３～ｌ９９５年报告ＡＦＰ病例的县分别占全国总县数的刀％、４５％和的％，全国共有２２２６个县（７８％）在３年内至少报告１例ＡＦＰ病例，约覆盖总人口的８７％，另有６１１个县（２２％）连续３年未报告ＡＦＰ病例，表明我国部分地区的监测工作还存在薄弱环节。１９９４年和１９９５年ＡＦＰ病例口服脊灰疫苗（ＯＰＶ）≥３次的接种率高峰均集中于２～６岁，且均＞８０％，但是＜１岁儿童始终是历年含未免疫儿童数最多的高危人群，ｌ９９５年全国约有６ｌ％＜ｌ岁的儿童服苗≤２次。
n l995 in China,l68 polio cases were reported,that distributed in l50 counties,this numberredutal by 74% and 90 % when compared with that in l993 and l994.Ouly in Yunnan Provineea case of wild-type poliomyelitis occurred in a patient with Burma nationality,where as nowild-type poliomyelitis waw reported domestically.This meant that the work for poho eradicating in our country has come into its final critical stage and the focal points of this work from now onis to strengthen the surveillance system and immunization program.The investigating data alsoshowed that since l993,the seasonal-peak characteristirs of poliomyelitis had dinlinished year byyear and the aggregation phenomemon of the disease reduced.In conttast to polio,the onset of theAFP prasental a clear saisonal peak in summer and autumn,the parient number inMay-October possessed about 67% of the total yearly patient number.The sensitivity of AFPsurveiliance was raised yeariy and the scope of AFP case report eularged year after year.he coun-ties that reported AFP cases from l993-l995 accounted for 30%,45%,66% of the totalcounties of the whole country aspedively.2,226 counties of the country(78%)had reportat AFPcaes in 3 years(at least reported 1 AFP case)that covered 87% of the whole population,butthere were 6ll counties(22%)not reporting AFP cases successicely for 3 years.This indicated thatin partial area of our country there existed weak links in the surveiliance svstem.The AFP cases inl994 and 1995 focused in children at the age of 2-6,who had been administered OPV≥3times.Children under l year okl always to be the high-risk population for polio over the yeare because of the non-vaccination and about6l%chlldren<1 year in l995 were vaccinated≤2times.
出处
《中国计划免疫》
1996年第6期265-269,共5页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
脊髓灰质炎
弛缓性
麻痹
流行病学
Poliomyelitis,Acute flaccid panllysis(AFP)Epidemiological analysis
