1Ishiyama T, Yamaguchi T, Kashimoto S,et al. Effects of epidural fentanyl and intravenous flurbiprofen for visceral pain during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia [J]. J Anesth,2001,15:69-73.
2Akural EI, Salomaki TE, Bloigu AH. The effects of preemptive epidural sufentanil on human immune function [J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2004,48 ( 6 ) :750-755.
3Chemg CH, Yang CP, Wong CS. Epidural fentanyl speeds the onset of sensory and motor blocks during epidural ropivacaine anesthesia
[J]. Anesth Analg, 2005,101 : 1834-1837.
4Eichenberger U, Giana C, Petersen-Felix S, et al. Lumbar epidural fentanyl: segmental spread and effect on temporal summation and muscle pain [J]. Br J Anaesth, 2003,90:467-473.
6Borgdorff PJ, Ionescu TI, Houweling PL, et al. Large-dose intrathecal sufentanil prevents the hormonal stress response during major abdominal surgery: a comparison with intravenous sufentanil in a prospective randomized trial [J]. Anesth Analg,2004, 99(4) :1114-1120.
二级参考文献8
1Boidin MP,Sulimma H,Hamers SEES.Fentanyl in 2% mepivacaine compared with fentanyl in 0.5% bupivacaine: two parallel controlled double blind studies[].Acta Anaesthesiologica.1991
2Li YM,Wingrove DE,Too P,et al.Local anesthetics inhibit sustance P binding and evoked increases in intracellular Ca2 +[].Anesthesiology.1995
3Johnson C,Ransil BJ,Oriol N.Comparison of onset time between 0.5% bupivacaine and 3 % 2-chloroprocaine with and without 75 μg fentanyl[].Regional Anesthesia.1991
4Kasaba T,Yoshikawa G,Seguchi T,et al.Epidural fentanyl improves the onset and spread of epidural mepivacaine anlagesia[].Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia.1996
5North RA,Williams JT.How do opiates inhibit neurotransmitter release[].Trends in Neurosciences.1983
6Poliey LS,Columb MO,Naughton NN,et al.Effect of intravenous versus epidural fentanyl on the minimum local analgesic concentration of epidural bupivacaine in labor[].Anesthesiology.2000
7Power I,Hons BS,Brown DT,et al.The effect of fentanyl, meperidine and diamorphine on nerve conduction in vitro[].Regional Anesthesia.1991
8Kirota K,Appadu BL,Grandy DK,et al.Effect of lidocaine on cAMP formation with recombinant opioid receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells[].Anesthesiology.1998
5Coda BA, Brown MC, Schaffer R, et al, Pharmacology of epidiual fentanyl, alfentanil, and sufentanil in volunteers. Anesthesiology, 1994,81(5) :1149-1161.
6Zhang H,Smail N,Cabral A,et al.Effects of norepinephrineon regional blood flow and oxygen extraction capabilities during endotoxic shock.Am J Res Crit Care Med,1997,155:1967-1971.
7Stelzner J, Reinhart K, Fohring U, et al. The effect of thoracic peridural analgesia on the cortisol and glucose response in surgery of the abdominal aorta [J]. Reg Anaesthesia, 1988,11 ( 1 ) : 16- 20.
8Borgdorff PJ, Ionescu TI, Houweling PL, et al. Large-dose intrathecal sufentanil prevents the hormonal stress response during major abdominal surgery: a comparison with intravenous sufentanil in a prospective randomized trial [J]. Anesth Analg, 2004, 99(4) :1114-1120.
9Norman JG, Fink GW. The effects of epidural anesthesia on the neuroendocrine response to major surgical stress:a randomized prospective trial [J]. Am Surg, 1997, 63(1):75-80.
10Nishikawa K, Kanaya N, Nakayama M, et al. Fentanyl improves analgesia but prolongs the onset of axillary brachial plexus block by peripheral mechanism [J]. Anesth Analg, 2000, 91 (2) :384-387.
