摘要
人类活动从各个尺度影响森林生态系统。以西双版纳流沙河流域为研究区域，利用1988和2003年两期Landsat TM／ETM遥感影像，根据景观生态学原理与方法，分析了坝区、山区及其中间地带（边缘区）人类活动对森林覆盖率及森林景观的影响。结果表明，地形越平坦，森林覆盖率越小；人口密度越大，离居民点越近，人类活动对森林覆盖率、森林斑块平均面积以及森林斑块边界密度的影响越大；山区森林的变化与坝区和边缘区相反：离居民点越近，森林覆盖率越大，破碎化程度越小；受森林保护等政策的影响，15年来尽管森林覆盖率降低，但森林斑块平均面积增大。从1988-2003年，边缘区的森林受破坏最严重，其森林覆盖率、斑块平均面积都下降较多，而边界密度增加较大，破碎化程度最剧烈；人类活动对森林影响的空间范围扩大。居民点周围的森林破坏普遍很严重，容易引发局地自然灾害，这是制定流域管理政策时需要重点考虑的问题之一。
To assess the spatial and temporal changes of forest landscape in the Liushahe watershed, Yunnan Province, Southwest China, two Landsat TM/ETM images from 1988 and 2003 were classified by Erdas Imagine then converted to shape format based ArcView, and rest of the analyses was performed in GIS environments. A forest fragmentation index was produced for mountainous area, champaign area and between （edge area） that combined measures of forested area, average patch area, perimeter density and fractal dimension. The results show that both population density and distance to residential area impact on forested area and forest fragmentation index near residential area. And significantly negative correlation was found between fragmentation index and distance to residential area in champaign and edge. While forest coverage, average patch area were positively correlated with distance to residential area in mountain area. Average patch area enlarged in mountain area because many strong measures had been taken against forest destroy since 1980s. The spatial variation of the effects of human activities on forest landscape was extended. Mountainous forest near campaign was destroyed very seriously from 1988 to 2003. Forest near residential area was destroyed so much that it can induce natural disasters, which threatens local human activities. So the destruction of forest must be paid more attention.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第1期38-42,共5页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
关键词
人类活动
森林破碎化
景观生态
human activities
forest fragmentation
landscape ecology
