摘要
19世纪中期在俄国发展道路问题上的斗争并非是普鲁士式道路和美国式道路之争,因为当时俄国并不存在走美国式道路的选项。人数极少的激进革命派鼓动农民革命的目的是要实现具有空想性质的村社社会主义。农民运动在本质上是自发的、无组织的力量,不具有资产阶级性质。新兴的俄国资产阶级自由主义运动不能左右发展道路的选择,因而力促政权进行改革。沙皇政权在发展道路选择问题上具有决定性作用,它采取了相对独立的政策,既没有听命于保守贵族,也没有容忍革命运动和农民运动,而是坚持进行由政权主导的自由主义性质的改革,使俄国走上了资本主义道路。
During the mid-19th century, the argument about development ways in Russia was not actually the argument between ‘Prussian Way’and ‘American Way’ because at that time there was no choice of ‘ American Way’ for Russia. The minority of the radical revolutionists prompted peasantry revolution with the intention of implementing Peasantry socialism which was actually utopian. Peasantry movement was basically a spontaneous and unorganized strength, which didn＇t characterize with bourgeoisie. The rising liberalistic movement of Russian bourgeoisie could not direct the choice of development ways. So they strongly recommended government reform. Government played a decisive part in the choice of ‘Development Ways’. It took an independent policy, neither following conservative nobles, nor accepting revolution movement and peasantry movement. Instead, it insisted on a liberalistic reform guided by the government, which finally led Russia to a capitalist way.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第4期55-62,共8页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
江苏省社科基金项目"近代俄国思想对国家发展道路的探索"[项目编号:04LSB017]的阶段性成果
关键词
19世纪中期
俄国
发展道路
选择
the mid-19th century
Russia
development ways
choice
