摘要
胡塞尔把“是”判断和“具有”判断看作是两种最基本的判断形式,“是”判断与形容词相关,而“具有”判断与名词相关,它们都源于亚里士多德主谓命题形式(S是P)中的“是”。在亚里士多德那里,“是”既具有逻辑意义(作为系词“是”),又具有存在意义(作为动词“有”),它既与形容词相关,又与名词相关。然而,命题主谓理论的发展使形容词逐渐成为谓词域的核心形式,而名词等形式被忽视了,“是”的“具有”意义也丧失了,命题形式日益形容词化,命题语言成为形容词性语言,由此产生了许多所谓的哲学问题。维特根斯坦语言批判的一个重要内容就是通过对形容词性的命题语言的批判,恢复和确立以名词为主要形式的日常语言的地位,从形容词性语言走向名词性语言。这一结果被胡塞尔称为“具有”判断的恢复和形容词名词化,是语言哲学的内在转向。
Husserl regarded ＂Being＂ judgment and ＂Having＂ as two most basic forms： ＂Being＂ is associated with adjectives while ＂Having＂ judgment is relevant to nouns. Both of them are original from Aristotle＇s subject-predicate proposition （S is P）. For Aristotle, the main significance of ＂to be＂ is ＂what is＂. There is a sense of existence. At the same time, it has prepositional functions, the form associated with the adjective noun and so on. However, as the development of the theory of subject-predicate, adjectives become the core domain of predication, and the form of nouns has been neglected, the meaning of ＂Having＂ and ＂To be＂ gradually lost. Proposition form has become adjective, proposition language instruction as an adjective language.
One of the important parts of Wittgenstein＇ s lingual criticism is the restoration and establishment of nominal language in the form of nouns. Compared with adjective language, nominal language is a hypotheses system. The hypothesis is not a proposition without true or false. Hypotheses connect different sections of objections and section independence. They correspond to the nominal form. Nominal language has diversity. It refers to daily language. It is a form of life, and the home of the world and existence. Language is concerned about the ＂usage＂. The process transfer from adjective language to nominal language, which was called the restoration of ＂Having＂ and adjective nominal process by Husserl, is an inner turning of linguistic philosophy
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2007年第2期192-199,共8页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
教育部哲学社会科学重大资金资助项目(05JJD720.40002)
国家哲学社会科学创新基地"语言与认知研究"资助项目(205000-811342)
