摘要
产业集群作为区域经济的助推器,其内部的制造业企业、一般服务业、大学科研机构、政府以及知识密集型服务业五大主体之间的交互学习与创新显得尤为重要。而知识密集型服务业作为创新系统内的知识中介,扮演着四种不同的创新桥梁角色:(1)传统桥梁;(2)“蜜蜂式”桥梁;(3)“红娘式”桥梁;(4)“网关式”桥梁。从KIBS知识生产和知识转移的角度,深入分析创新桥梁的要素构成及知识生产和转移情况,可以得出创新桥梁的作用机理为知识获取、知识整合和新知识转移三大环节。
During the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the attention on the activities of knowledge-intensive business services （KIBS）. Innovation capacity, especially knowledge production and diffusion, makes KIBS an innovation bridge within the cluster innovation systems. By focusing on the framework of the cluster innovation system which describes different innovation actors, knowledge bases and their interactive relations, especially by separating KIBS from traditional services, this paper discusses the role and functions of KIBS within the cluster innovation systems as an ＂innovation bridge＂ in four innovation contexts： （1） a linear activity, implying a transfer of expert knowledge from supplier to user; （2） actor like bees, cross-pollinating between firms and carrying experiences and ideas form one firm into another; （3） a ＂marriage broker＂, providing users with a single point of contact to access a wide range of specialist services; （4） a gateway, exchanging knowledge inside and outside regions.
Based on these discussions, this paper provides some detailed descriptions about KIBS＇ role of an innovation bridge including knowledge sources, channels to clients, cooperation partners and international trade. In general, different KIBS has different knowledge sources, and also different channels to clients or cooperation partners. Generally, that means one bridge, emphasizing one part. For instance, gateway is a good example which gives more contexts to international trade and acquiring knowledge from outside of the local region. Then, liner activities always focus on local knowledge and simply ask for stable relationships with clients. Marriage broker is used to bridge different enterprises together and emphasis on information about all kinds of enterprises. Though different ＂ bridge＂ has various contexts, the working mechanisms are almost the same. We propose the working mechanism of an innovation bridge into three stages： knowledge acquiring from inside and outside of the region, knowledge integration within KIBS＇ own knowledge and finally transferring new knowledge to client firms. What＇s more, in most circumstances, knowledge integration is most important because during the stage of knowledge integration, new knowledge is generated. KIBS provide solutions to clients through which KIBS may help the clients solve their problems.
Finally, suggestions for KIBS＇ learning strategies and development of the cluster innovation system are given： （1） Well development of the cluster innovation system has a strong relationship with the development of KIBS within or without the cluster for its role of innovation bridges. （2） Different KIBS play a role of different ＂bridges＂. Different ＂bridges＂ have different functions which need different capabilities. Therefore, for different KIBS, how to develop their core competence to maintain competency is very important. This should be embodied in the strategies of KIBS. （3） KIBS have its limitations. They need support from regional scientific and innovative organizations, as well as promotion of relationship between KIBS and these scientific organizations. Thereafter, the abundance of knowledge base of the regional scientific organizations, the absorptive capability of the innovative organizations and the upper integration capabilities are all closely related.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2007年第2期52-60,共9页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(70373026)
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(Y605358)
浙江省科技规划重点资助项目(2005C25002)
关键词
集群创新系统
知识密集型服务业
创新桥梁
知识生产
知识转移
cluster innovation system
knowledge intensive business services
innovation bridges
knowledge creation
knowledge diffusion
