1克拉克,特贝克.《法官的创造性角色与普通法传统中的自由》[Clark & Trubek, The Creative Role of the Judge and Freedom in the Common Law Tradition, 71 Yale L. J. 255,255 (1961)
2威廉姆·特文宁.《卡尔·卢埃林与现实主义运动》[William Twining, Karl Llewellyn and the Realist Movement (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd., 1985), pp. 321-22.]
3卓娅·曼斯齐科夫.《统一商法典的精华》[Soia Mentschikoff, Highlights of the Uniform Commercial Code, 27 Mod.L. Rev. 167, 168 n. 3 (1964)]
4格兰特·基尔默.《悼念卡尔·卢埃林》[Grant Gilmore, In Memoriam: Karl Llewellyn, 71 Yale L. J. 813, 814(1962)]
5尤金·F·穆尼.《旧合同法原则与卡尔的新法典：浅谈我们新商法的法理思想》[Eugene F. Mooney, Old Kontract Principles and Karl's New Kode: An Essay on the Jurisprudence Of Our New Commercial Law, 11 Vill. L. Rev.213,214 (1966)]
6米歇尔·富兰克林.《论统一商法典的法律方法》[Mitchell Franklin, On the Legal Method of the Uniform Commercial Code, 16 Law & Contemp. Probs. 330, 331(1951)]
7《布莱克法律词典》[Black' s Law Dictionary 652 (6th. ec. 1990)]
8庞德.《机械法学》[Pound, Mechanical Jurisprudence, 8 Colum. L. Rev. 605 (1908)]
9斯伯戴尔.《修订的第二编中的合同订立与变更》[Speidd, Contract Formation and Modification Under Revised Article 2, 35 Win. & Mary L. Rev. 1305, 1311 (1994)]
10D·肯尼迪.《私法裁判中的形式与实质》[D. Kennedy, Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication, 89 Harv.L. Rev. 1685, 1691-92 (1976)]
