摘要
云南西双版纳州是中国阳春砂仁(Amomum villosum Lour.)的主要产地,对当地阳春砂仁上一种新的病害——叶枯病发生情况及影响因素进行调查分析,为有效控制该病提供依据。采用随机抽样方法对全州砂仁叶枯病的发生面积及严重程度进行调查,并对土壤营养元素、田间管理水平等相关影响因素进行测定分析。全州砂仁产区叶枯病发生面积在89%以上,约82%的面积发病率大于20%,平均产量降低30%￣40%;重病土壤中主要营养元素氮和钾降低,导致植株中氮和钾元素含量降低,推测是植株抗病性下降和低产的原因之一,粗放的田间管理和多年持续种植对病害发生也有明显影响,多菌灵和代森锰锌试验室抑菌率分别达到89.2%和100%,但田间的防治效果较差。加强田间管理,减少侵染源,提高土壤肥力,培育抗病品种,增强砂仁抗病能力是防治叶枯病的重要措施。
Xishuangbanna is the main producing area of Amomum villosum Lout.In recent years,a new disease-leaf blight occurred seriously there.The disease incidence and its determinant factors were investigated in 2003-2005.The results showed that the total occurring areas was over 89%and the areas of disease incidence above 20%in fields reached 82%.The average magnitude of yield loss was about 30%~40%.The total nitrogen and available potassium content decrease in soil may be the important factors of the disease occurrence.Besides,sustainable and extensive cultivating also had influences on the disease occurrence.Toxicity to pathogen of 2 fungicides Carbendazim and Mancozeb was determined in the laboratory.The inhibition rates of the 2 fungicides were 89.2%and 100%separately,but the control rate of 2 fungicides on field experiments was lower.Proper increase of soil fertility,good orchard management practices,selecting hybrids with good resistance to leaf blight diseases,improving resistance of plant were the important ways to control the disease.
作者
李学兰
李荣英
杨春勇
Li Xuelan;Li Rongying;Yang Chunyong(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Yunnan Branch,Yunnan Jinghong 666100)
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2007年第3期424-427,共4页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家十五科技攻关计划项目资助"中药材病虫害防治技术平台"(2001BA701A58)
关键词
阳春砂仁
叶枯病
影响因素
防治
西双版纳
A momum villosum Lout
Leaf blight disease
Influence factors
Disease control
Xishuangbanna
