摘要
中动构句制约是中动研究中一个臭名昭著的难题,以往文献中提出了各种制约来规范中动结构的合法性,但无一例外都不能对中动构句作出一个统一的制约,往往彼此重叠,顾此失彼。这种状况在很大程度上是由于对中动结构的界定以及它的认知动因和功能缺乏深入思考造成的。研究表明,中动结构的认知动因决定了实际上只需要两个条件来制约中动构句,一是规范中动动词的完成类动词条件(体式条件),二是规范主语的被动参与者认知显要性条件(广义责任条件)。前者提供中动构句的可能性,后者提供中动构句的必要性,其他条件都是不必要的。这样构成的中动结构还需要经过语义和语用过滤,即说话人必须有足够的理由认定谓语所表述的内容乃是主语的一种典型属性。
The condition for middle formation has long been a notorious problem. Many proposals have been put forward in the previous literature to regulate the middle formation. Unfortunately, none of them could provide a unified account of middle formation without any exception. They often overlap to a great extent, covering some data but leaving some others unaccounted for. The unsatisfactory situation of middle formation analysis is largely due to the lack of a rigid definition of middles and the inadequate understanding of middles as a whole. Our study indicates that the cognitive motivation of middles determines that only two conditions are necessary to regulate middle formation, one being the Perfective condition （which determines the middable verbs）, the other being the Cognitive Prominence condition of passive participant （which determines what can be the subject of middles）. The former provides the possibility of middle formation and the latter, the necessity. Middles formed in this way have to be filtered semantically and pragmatically, namely： the speaker must have enough reasons to think the predicate attributes some unique property to the subject.
出处
《外语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第2期24-29,共6页
Foreign Language Education
基金
浙江省2006哲学社会科学规划课题(06CGYY09YBG).
关键词
中动构句
完成类动词
认知显要性
认知功能
middle formation
perfectives
cognitive prominence
cognitive motivation
