摘要
根据对小兴安岭凉水国家级自然保护区红松阔叶混交林的凋落物、土壤动物和土壤2a的连续采样及测定主要营养元素N、P、K的含量,研究凋落物-土壤动物-土壤系统中主要营养元素在各分室的动态变化,并通过比较主要营养元素在不同分室中的分异,进而分析了土壤动物在该系统营养循环中的作用。结果表明,研究区内不同凋落叶分解过程中元素含量的动态变化比较复杂,阔叶落叶中营养元素含量的变化大于针叶落叶,但不同凋落叶在分解过程中的元素损失量之间的差异不显著。在研究时段,腐殖土层各种营养元素的含量高于土壤层;蚯蚓、蜈蚣和马陆大型土壤动物体内的营养元素含量之间差别较大,其中蚯蚓体内全N含量最高,而马陆体内全P含量最高,蜈蚣则全K含量最高。土壤动物和土壤中营养元素含量的动态变化和凋落叶中的变化趋势不同。N和P在土壤动物分室中表现出一定的富集,而K的富集不明显。土壤动物可以通过其新陈代谢活动加速凋落物-土壤动物-土壤系统中营养元素的循环速率。不同凋落物分解过程中养分含量变化复杂可能是由于不同凋落物种类特性差异造成的。土壤动物在营养元素循环,尤其是N、P元素循环中具有重要意义。
Researches on material cycle of forest ecosystem have mainly focused on plants and soils, and few of them studied the role of soil fauna in the ecosystem. Most of the studies on soil fauna have been conducted in the laboratory environment or in artificially designed field to understand the role of biological factors in material cycle. This article is to study the dynamic characteristics of key nutrient elements of N, P and K in each component of the litter-soil fauna-soil system, and the functions of soil fauna in nutrient cycle by comparison of the differences of key nutrient elements in each component of the system. The study area is selected within the Mountains （ 128°47＇8＂-- 128°57＇ 19＂E, 47°6＇49＂-- 47° 16＇ 10＂ climate with about - 0. 3℃ annual mean temperature and 680 Liangshui National Natural Reserve of the Xiao Hinggan N）. The study area has temperate continental monsoon mm annual mean precipitation. The major soil type is mountainous dark brow forest soil. The characteristic vegetation type is mixed Pinus koraiensis and broad-leaved forest. We collected the forest litters including Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata and mixed litter in different decomposition stages since the fall of the leaves in October of 2001, May, July and October of 2002. We also collected the soil samples in the humus horizon （0 - 5 cm） and soil horizon （5 -20 cm）, and soil macrofauna including earthworm, scolopendra and diplopod in May, July and October of 2002. We analyzed the contents of total N, P and K within the samples. We compared the differences of nutrient contents of the sampled litters in decomposition processes through variance analysis, and by the comparisons to reveal the role of soil macrofauna in the nutrient cycle among various components of the system. The results indicate that the dynamic characteristics of nutrient contents of litters in the decomposition processes are comphcated. The changes of nutrient contents in broad-leaved htters are greater than that of coniferous from October 2001to October 2002. But the differences of nutrient content loss among various types of litters in decomposition processes are not significant. The nutrient contents of the humus horizon are higher than that of the soil horizon. The nutrient contents of the three sampled soil macrofauna are significantly different. The total N found in earthwormis the highest among the three soil macrofauna. Themaximum of total P was found in diplopod, and the maximum of total K was found in scolopendra. The dynamic changes of nutrient content in soils and soil fauna in the litters showed different trends. The soil macrofauna showed the role in accumulation of N and Pin the system, but the accumulation for K was rather weak. Soil fauna could accelerate the nutrient cycle rate in the litter-soil fauna-soil system by their metabolism. The dynamic of nutrient contents of vary litters through decomposition are complicated, which is possibly caused by the differences of various litters. The soil macrofauna could be considered as a transverter in the litter-soil fauna- soil system and play a significance role in nutrient cycle, especially in N and P cycle of the system.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第1期128-134,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40171053)~~
关键词
土壤动物
凋落物
土壤
养分动态
小兴安岭
soil faunas litters soil
nutrient cycle
Xiao Hinggan Mountains
