摘要
基于近19年对印度Ganga—Meghna—Brahmaputra（简称GMB）平原（面积569749km^2，人口超过5亿）地下水砷污染的调查，可以确定印度Ganga—Brahmaputra平原（包括北方邦、比哈尔邦、恰尔康得邦、西孟加拉邦、阿萨姆邦）和孟加拉国普遍受到砷的污染。近期的调查研究也表明，除米佐拉姆邦外，其他各邦的地下水也受到不同程度的砷污染。至今为止．已对印度各邦和孟加拧国的175000份和50808份压把井水样进行了含砷量检测。并组织了一支包括皮肤科、神经科和妇产科医生在内的有经验的专家组，对上述地区125000人进行了临床检查，其中9％患有砷导致的皮肤病损症状。至今共采集分析了60000份生物样品。包括发样、指甲、尿样及皮肤鳞屑，其中80％的样品含砷量超过允许值，很多人由此受到砷的亚临床损害。在上述砷暴露地区．19000名儿童经过检查，近1100人患有砷导致的皮肤病损。该调查结果表明．儿童比成人更容易受到砷的毒性损害。在这种状况下．应着力解决饮水安全问题来减轻砷的苊害．
Based on our last 19 years survey on groundwater arsenic contamination in Ganga-Meghna- Brahmaputra （GMB） plain （an area of 569 749 km2,with a population of over 500 million）, we predict a good portion of all the states in Ganga-Brahmaputra plain in India （Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam） and Bangladesh in Padma-Meghna-Brahmaputra are arsenic affected. Our recent study also indicates out of 7 North-Eastern-Hill states, except Mizoram groundwater of all states are to some extent arsenic contaminated. In last 19 years we analyzed 175 000 hand tubewell water samples for arsenic from all states of India and 50 808 from Bangladesh so far. We undertook medical survey with a group comprising of experienced dermatologists, neurologists, and gynaecologists in the arsenic affected regions of GMB plain. So far our medical team had screened 125 000 individuals from affected villages and registered 9% of them having arsenical skin lesions. So far we have analyzed 60 000 biological samples （hair, nail, urine, and skin scales） collected from arsenic affected villages. In average 80% of samples contain arsenic above the permissible limit in biological samples. Thus many people in affected villages are subclinically affected. Screening around 19 000 children from arsenic affected areas of GMB plain we found nearly 1 100 affected with arsenical skin lesions. Our studies show that children are more vulnerable to arsenical toxicity compared to adults. In these circumstances a successful mitigation strategy should involve safe drinking water supply using all possible sources.
出处
《中国地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第1期43-47,共5页
Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology
关键词
砷
饮水
皮肤疾病
神经毒性
妊娠结局
Arsenic
Drinking
Skin diseases
Neurotoxicity
Pregnancy outcome
