摘要
介绍过敏性鼻炎(AR)的诊治新进展。遗传和环境因素被认为是AR的病因学因素,AR与哮喘常相伴发生。1999年世界卫生组织出台的“过敏性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响”指南(ARIA)及过敏症报告,提供了规范的诊断方法及治疗指南,强调了AR对哮喘的影响,并对AR进行了新的分类。最常用的诊断试验包括皮肤试验及检测特异性血清IgE抗体(放射性过敏原吸附试验)。而标准化的鼻部激发试验(nasalprovocationtesting,NPT)在鉴别AR与非AR应用中,是一个十分有效且安全的方法。AR的治疗一般包括避免接触变应原、药物治疗、免疫疗法及手术疗法等。
The incidence of allergic rhinitis （AR） is obviously on the rise in recent years. It not only influences the quality of life, but also represents an enormous burden on the patient and the overall economy. Hence, correct diagnose, effective therapy and prevention of the disease is extremely important. In this paper, we summarize the recent advances in the field. It has been widely accepted that environmental and genetic factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of AR. Allergic rhinitis is often found in patients with asthma and large volume of data from epidemiology, pathology, histology, immunology and clinical data support their correlations. The idea of ＂one respiratory tract, one disease＂ has been widely accepted. In 1999, the World Health Organization introduced a new guideline for Allergic Rhinitis （ARIA） and proposed methods for diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity. In addition to standardizing the diagnostic methods and treatment protocols, ARIA also emphasized on the effect of AR on asthma and proposed a new classification. Complete and detailed medical history and physical examinations are very valuable for the diagnosis of AR. Some common diagnostic tests include skin tests and the radioallergosorbent test for measuring antigen-specific serum IgE levels. Standardized nasal provocation testing （NPT） has also shown to be a safe and very usethl tool in the diagnosis of allergic and nonallergie rhinitis. In general, the treatment of AR included allergen avoidance, medicine, iamaunotherapy and surgical treatment. More recently, the use of humanized monoclonal antibody against IgE, leukotriene receptor antagonists （LTRAs）, modified immunotherapy （including allergen- specific immunotherapy）, oral corticosteroids, DNA vaccines, anti IL-4R, anti IL-5R, anti VLA-4,anti CCR in treatment of AR have been explored.
出处
《临床儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第1期4-7,共4页
Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
关键词
过敏性鼻炎
诊断
治疗
进展
allergic rhinitis
diagnosis
therapy
development
