摘要
目的:分析探讨并制定大学高水平长跑运动员合理、有效的营养补给方法。方法:2005-01/12选择大学高水平长跑女运动员(国家二级运动员)6名,随机分为实验组3名,对照组3名,以80d为1个周期进行实验。对照组则采用传统的膳食方法,实验组采用营养补给法制定的膳食计划配合训练:①糖原:在运动前15～30min或2.0～3.0h补充一次,运动后1～4h再补充一次。补充蔗糖、葡萄糖0.8～2.0g/kg体质量。②蛋白质:每日约摄取蛋白质2g/kg体质量。③脂肪:减少脂肪的含量,适当增加糖和抗脂肪的食物。④水:在运动前10～15min饮水400～500mL,运动中每隔15～18min饮水120～180mL,运动后应休息30min后再饮水。⑤维生素:每日保证供给0.5～0.6mg维生素A、9～11mg的维生素E、4～6mg维生素D、1.2～2.0mg的维生素B2、60～100mg维生素C。⑥矿物质:定量食用天然含矿物质的食物。⑦服用中国海洋大学海洋生命学院研制的青岛海洋奇力生物工程有限公司生产的螺旋藻,2次/d,1.5g/次。在实验前后分别对运动员进行大强度1500m跑的测试,观察运动员运动前后心率、血乳酸、血尿素氮和人体成分变化。结果:6名运动员全部进入结果分析。①心率:实验后实验组运动后3,6,10min均低于对照组[(116.72±3.13),(94.36±4.72),(67.54±2.81)次/min;(120.55±4.20),(100.36±3.88),(73.09±3.63)次/min;P<0.05]。②血乳酸和尿素氮:实验后实验组运动后均低于对照组[乳酸:(5.88±0.59),(6.38±0.42)mmol/L;(7.02±1.42),(7.33±1.95)mmol/L;P<0.05]。③人体成分:实验后实验组的维生素和矿物质人均摄入量均优于对照组[(108.62±2.15),(59.63±1.13)mg;(4.18±0.24),(2.23±0.13)kg;P<0.05]。结论:运用此营养补给法不仅能快速有效地给大学高水平长跑运动员补充营养,增强体能,而且能快速消除其运动性疲劳,使其保持良好的营养和竞技状态。
AIM： To analyzed and investigate the reasonable and effective nutrition ways for high level distance runner in university. METHODS： Totally 6 high level women distance-runner in university （national grade 2 athletes） were randomly divided into 2 groups from January to December 2005 for the experiments for 80 days： experimental group （n =3） and control group （n =3）. The control group received traditional nutrition ways, whereas the experimental group received the designed nutrition ways combining with food planning： ①Dglycogen： 15-30 minutes or 2.0-3.0 hours before training glycogen was given, so did 1-4 hours after training. Cane sugar and glucose 0.8-2.0 g/kg were given. ②protain： About 2 g/kg protein was intaken every day. ③fat： Content of fat was reduced, whereas the levels of sugar and food against fat were increased suitably. ④water： 10-15 minutes before training 400-500 mL water was given; 120-180 mL water was given every 15-18 minutes during the training; resting for 30 minutes after the training, and then drinking. ⑤vitamin： 0.5- 0.6 rng vitamin A, 9-11 mg vitamin E, 4-6 mg vitamin D, 1.2-2.0 mg vitamin B2 and 60-100 mg vitamin C were given every day. ⑥mineral matter： Food containing natural mineral matter was eaten quantitativelY. ⑦Spirulina produced by Qingdao Ocean Qili Bioengineering Co., Ltd. and designed by Ocean Living College, China Ocean University, twice a day, once 1.5 g. Athletes did 1 500 m test before and after the training, respectively. Changes of heart rate, blood lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen and human components were observed before and after the training. RESULTS： A total of 6 athletes were involved in the result analysis. ①heart rate： It was lower in the experimental group than the control group at minutes 3, 6 and 10 after training [（116.72±3.13）,（94.36±4.72）,（67.54±2.81） times/min; （120.55±4.20）, （100.36±3.88）, （73.09±3,63） times/min;P 〈 0.05]. ②blood lactic acid and urea nitrogen： It was lower in the experimental group than the control group after training [lactic acid：（5.88±0.59）, （6.38±0.42） mmol/L; （7.02±1.42）, （7.33±1.95） mmol/L;P 〈 0.05]. ③human component： The mean intake of vitamin and mineral matter in the experimental group were better than those in the control group after training [（108.62±2.15）, （59.63±1.13） mg; （4.18±0.24）, （2.23± 0.13） kg;P〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： The ways of supplying nutrition for the athletes are quick and effective, and let the athletes increase body energy, quickly recover from the tired condition and keep in best healthy condition to obtain excellent marks in competitions.
出处
《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第17期3367-3369,3378,共4页
Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research
基金
河北省科学技术研究与发展指导课题(河北省科技厅)~~
