1[1]IDELL S, GIRARD W, KOENIG K B, et al . Abnormalities of pathways of fibrin turnover in the human pleural space[J]. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1991,144(1): 187-194.
2[2]MOULTON J S, MOORE P T, MENCINI R A. Treatment of loculated pleural effusions with transcatheter intracavitary urokinase[J]. AJR, 1989,153(5): 941-945.
3[3]KRISHNAN S, AMIN N, DOZOR A J, et al . Urokinase in the management of complicated parapneumonic effusions in children[J]. Chest, 1997,112(6): 1579-1583.
4[4]BOUROS D, SCHIZA S, TZANAKIS N, et al. Intrapleural urokinase versus normal saline in the treatment of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema. A randomized, doubleblind study[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1997,155 (1): 37-42.
5Klein JS,Schultz S,Heffner JE.Interventional radiology of the chest: image-guided percutaneous drainage of pleural effusions,lung abscess,and pneumothorax.Am J Roentgenol,1995,164:581-588.
8Moulton J S,Moore P T,Meicinira.Treatment of loculated pleural effusions with transcatheter intracavitry urokinase [J].AJR,1989,153:941～945.
9Bouros D,Schiza S,Patsourakis G,et al.Intrapleural streptokinase versus urokinase in the treatment of complicated parapneumonic effusions [J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1997,155:291～295.
10Pollak J S,Passik C S.Intrapleural urokinase in the treatment of loculated pleural effusions [J].Chest,1994,105:868～873.
