摘要
针对有文章对三峡水库淤积研究采用的来沙系列提出了异议[1],认为数量偏小,从而使淤积研究成果不安全,“要更多的‘居安思危’才是科学的态度”。本文对此专门予以回应。文中首先指出,在三峡工程论证和设计阶段,采用的1961-1970年水文系列较之多年平均值是偏大的,不是文献[1]所谓偏少。其次,也是更主要的,嘉陵江来沙大幅度减少,及金沙江下段的溪洛渡和向家坝两个电站水库的拦截泥沙,将使三峡水库入库泥沙在100年以内,减少约230×108t,占入库站寸滩来沙量的54.0%。相应的粗沙减少49.28×108t,占寸滩来沙量的80.7%。接着,指出金沙江一系列的水电开发的高坝水库,截断其来沙是长期的,这将是一个客观事实,任何理由也不能否认这一点。文中还提到了嘉陵江来沙减少原因、水库入库站的定义、以及近底层测验资料表明粗沙漏测的数量等专门问题,并指出这些都不是加大粗沙的理由。最后,论述了来沙减少对三峡水库淤积的影响,特别是变动回水区在相当长的一段时间,淤积还会大为缓解。若置100年内以及更长时间减沙的重大效益于不顾,反而提出要加大粗沙来量,这不是用“科学的态度”,或“居安思危”能够解释的。
According to ref. （1）, the series of incoming sediment to TGR is unsufficiently estimated, and thus the safety factor of reservoir is of underdesign. A quite different viewpoint has been provided in this paper. Actually the real value is much less than that estimated in feasibility study. The reason is that the hydrometric series adopted in feasibility study of TGR is larger than the average value. Besides, the sediment discharge outpour from the Jialingjiang river decreases in large amounts in the recent years, and the sediment retained by the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs will reduce the incoming sediment by 230×10^8 t（54.0% of incoming sediment at Cuntan gauge station）and 49.28×10^8t coarse sediment（80.7% of Cuntan） in one hundred years. It is a common sense and can not be contradicted that a series of high dams constructed along Jinshajiang river will trap the sediment in a long term. The reason for that the sediment of Jialingiiang river being on the decrease is revealed in the paper. The author also demonstrates that the accuracy of measured data of coarse particles near the bed layer will not change the total decrease of incoming sediment to TGR. Finally, the evident effect on the sedimentation of large decrease of incoming sediment,especially in the flucturating backwater region has also presented in this paper.
出处
《水力发电学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第6期73-78,共6页
Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering
关键词
河流泥沙工程学
三峡水库
泥沙数量
粗沙
来沙减少
变动回水区淤积
金沙江建库
river sediment engineering
Three Gorges Reservoir
amount of sediment
coarse sediment
decrease of incoming sediment
sedimentation in the fluctuating backwater region
reservoirs constructed along Jinshajiang river
