摘要
【目的】了解深圳市母乳喂养现状及影响因素，以及对2岁以下儿童生长发育的影响。【方法】专人负责，统一表格、标准和要求，进行统一规定的儿童体格检查和母亲喂养方式的1人1表问卷调查。【结果】小于4月龄儿童母乳喂养率为66．69蹦，纯母乳喂养率为46．5％，混合喂养为12．4％。影响母乳喂养的主要因素为产妇的营养状况，哺乳方式，习惯，哺乳时的生理和心理状况，以及有无缺乳家族史。母乳喂养组的～6月龄婴儿体重以及女婴身长均明显大于混合喂养组和人工喂养组（P〈0．05或0．01），母乳喂养婴儿独坐，叫爸妈的发育时间明显早于人工喂养儿（P均〈0．01）;母乳喂养组支气管炎及肺炎的发病率明显低于人工喂养组（P〈0．05）。而不同喂养方式的婴儿血红蛋白、血红细胞数，婴儿独走发育时间，婴儿感冒、腹泻、佝偻病的发病率等，差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。[结论]母乳喂养对婴儿早期的体重身长、运动和语言发育优于人工喂养，且有利于婴儿肺炎和支气管炎的防治，应大力提倡科学母乳喂养，提高母乳喂养率和喂养质量。
[Objective] To understand the situation of breastfeeding and the affection of feeding to growth and development of children in Shenzhen. [Method] The interview of mothers and measure of length, weight, hemoglobin （Hb） and red blood cell count （RBC） of children were done. [Results] The breastfeeding rate of children aged under 4 months was 66.69%, exclusive breastfeeding rate was 46.5%. The nutritional situation of obstetric women, feeding ways and custom, feeding physiological and psychological situation, being short of breast in the family history were main breastfeeding influential factories. The infant weight and female infant length of aged under 6 months were increased in the breastfeeding group compared with the mixed feeding group or the artificial feeding group （P〈0.05 or 〈0.0l）. The time of sitting position without help and executed repetitive consonant sounds （such as ba-ba, ma-ma） happened early in the breastfeeding group （P〈0.01）. The incidence of bronchitis and pneumonia was increased in the artificial feeding group （P〈0.05）. There were not significant difference of the Hb and RBC, the incidence of rickets, diarrhea and to catch cold （P〈0.05）. [Conclusions] Breastfeeding is the best to growth and development of children aged under 6 months. It is beneficial to prevention and therapy of child pneumonia and bronchitis.
出处
《中国儿童保健杂志》
CAS
2006年第6期574-576,共3页
Chinese Journal of Child Health Care
基金
深圳市科技局科研项目(199807006)
关键词
母乳喂养
影响因素
生长发育
breastfeeding
influential factor
growth and development
