摘要
本文提出了机会—流动论的视角,并用来解释不同的社会行动者面对劳动力市场转型过程中机会结构变迁时的反应,以及不同的流动过程如何影响社会分层秩序的改变。作者利用一项全国性的抽样调查数据,检验了中国城市和农村中的劳动力进入自雇业的模式,以及这种模式在不同的改革阶段是如何变化的,关注的重点是干部如何应对新的市场机会。对调查资料的分析表明,改革初期,教育和干部身份在城市中阻碍了人们成为自雇业者,但是在农村中却并非如此。然而,随着改革的推进,城市干部越来越可能成为自雇业者,也只有那些在改革的晚些阶段成为自雇者的人能享有较高的收入优势。本文的结论部分指出,在研究后社会主义转型经济中各个社会群体的优势/劣势的变化时,我们应该将劳动者如何获得社会位置/群体身份的流动过程考虑进来。
This paper proposes an opportunity-mobility perspective to illustrate how different social actors respond to changes of the opportunity structures in the labor markets of transition economies, and how labor mobility affects social stratification. Using the data from a national sampling survey, the patterns of the entry into self-employment in urban and rural China and across different reform stages are examined. Analysis shows that education and cadre status both significantly deterred people from entry into self-employment in urban areas but not in rural areas. However, urban cadres are more and more likely to become self-employed over time; and the income advantages of the more recently self-employed in urban areas are entirely due to the higher income returns to the cadre-entrepreneurs.
出处
《社会学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第6期120-146,共27页
Sociological Studies
