摘要
通过小区和大田试验,研究了留茬、灭茬和烧茬三种处理土壤、近地层空气温湿度的变化,比较了三种处理夏玉米生长发育状况,分析了小麦高留茬的田间水分效应。结果表明,留茬明显降低了土壤温度,测定日0cm地表温度全天内留茬都处于最低,其中10时到14时降温效果最明显,土壤5￣25cm平均温度分别较灭茬和烧茬低1.45℃和2.3℃;土壤0￣70cm含水量自始至终留茬高于灭茬和烧茬;留茬对近地层空气湿度的影响主要在晚上,麦秆凝结的水汽增大了空气湿度,白天留茬高度内气温低湿度较大,留茬高度外气温高湿度较小(与灭茬和烧茬相比)。留茬对夏玉米生长发育的影响主要表现在中后期,试验结束时留茬株高、茎粗均高于灭茬和烧茬,表现出较大的后劲。
Soil moisture is very important for maize growth. With plot and field trial, this paper studied soil temperature, air temperature ＆ humidity and status of summer corn growth under 3 treatments： stubble removing, stubble remaining, and stubble burning, and analyzed the filed water effect under wheat stubble remaining. The results showed that, （1） stubble remaining reduced soil temperature obviously, the soil surface temperature was lowest through all day, and during 10 o＇clock to 14 o＇clock the temperature difference was bigger, and the average soil temperature of 5 to 25cm was lower by 1.45℃ and 2.3℃ compared with stubble removing and stubble burning, （2）The soil moisture of stubble remaining between 0 to 70cm was higher than the other two treatments from start to finish, （3）The effect of air humidity near the surface by stubble remaining was more obvious in evening, because the stubble could coagulate vapor, by day under the stubble remaining height the air temperature was lower and air humidity was higher, but over the stubble remaining height the result was reverse compared with stubble removing and stubble burning, （4） Stubble remaining affected the summer corn growth mainly at the middle and later period. When the trial was finished, the plan height and stem diameter all got bigger than stubble removing and stubble burning. The stubble remaining treatment could lower cultivation cost, save water and increase production, so it should popularize extensively in practice.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2006年第11期461-466,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家"863"节水农业重大专项"西北半湿润渠灌区节水农业综合技术体系集成与示范(陕西杨凌)"(2002AA2Z4211)
陕西省重大项目"农业节水灌溉技术标准研究与示范"(2006kz08-G3)
关键词
留茬
灭茬
烧茬
土壤湿度
空气湿度
Stubble removing, Stubble remaining, Stubble burning, Soil moisture, Air humidity
