摘要
通过莫高窟园林用水的调查,发现平均灌溉量为8366mm,远高于敦煌农田的灌水量2250mm,并且全部通过土壤表面蒸发和植物蒸腾耗散掉了。这就出现了一个实际用水量很高的地方,它仍然表现为缺水的悖逆现象。而且也远大于以水面为基础当地的耗散量2486mm。应用Penman的蒸散指数、Thornthwaite的蒸散指数、Holdridge生命地带指标等进行比较研究,结果仍然不能解释莫高窟存在的现象。通过对于莫高窟的温度、光照、湿度、风速、热量、土壤结构、浇灌方式等与水分耗散有关的因子进行深入的调查与分析后,发现这个现象与耗散结构理论相吻合。应用耗散结构理论解释了在莫高窟园林用水中存在的一个似非而是的问题。水的耗散结构理论对西北干旱地区的水资源利用有重要意义。应用耗散结构理论与前人对水分耗散方面的研究并不矛盾,完全可以在这一理论指导下统一起来,有望建立起统一的水分耗散应用模型。同时对与耗散结构理论相关的熵问题进行了探讨,认为这个问题与时间问题一样,是认识的主体———人的心理错觉,并没有物质上的实质。
An investigation on the water consumption of gardens at the Mogao Grottoes indicates that the average amount of total water irrigation 8366 mm has been dissipated through evaporation of soil surface and transpiration of plants, in which the water consumption is much higher than 2250 mm of irrigation for farmland and 2486mm of local dissipation based on the water surface. This phenomenon shows a paradox ： There is much more water consumption, there will be more shortage of water. The comparative research with Penman＇ s Evapotranspiration Index, Thomthwaite＇ s Evapotranspiration Index, and Holdridge＇ s Life Zone System can not explain this phenomenon at the Mogao Grottoes. An intensive study and analysis of the factors associated with the water dissipation, including the temperature, daylight, humidity, wind speed, heat, soil structure, and irrigation methods, shows that this phenomenon is consistent with the theory of Dissipative Structure, which can be used to explain the paradoxical issue in the water consumption of the gardens at the Mogao Grottoes. The application of the Dissipative Structure Theory is of great importance for the effective utilization of water resources in the Northwest arid area. A practical model of water dissipation can be set up based on this theory. Finally the paper discussed the concept of entropy related to the Dissipative Structure Theory, and pointed out that the entropy has no material substance, and just like the problem of time, it is only a psychological illusion of man, the main body of understanding.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第10期3454-3462,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
关键词
敦煌莫高窟
园林用水
耗散
年蒸发量
耗散结构
阈值
耗散结构点
熵
Dunhuang Mogao grottoes
garden waters
dissipation
year of vaporize mete
dissipative structure
threshold point
point of dissipative structure
entropy
