摘要
目的:总结分析引起运动性月经失调的原因、生理机制及其对骨健康的影响,提出相应的预防措施以减少运动性月经失调的发生率,提高运动员的健康水平。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1981-01/2005-12关于运动性月经失调的文章。检索词“athleticmenstrualcycleirregularities”,限制文章语言种类为English。检索中国期刊全文数据库1995-01/2005-12的相关文章,语言限定为中文,检索词为“运动性月经失调”。同时查阅专业妇产科书籍有关月经失调的章节。资料选择:对资料进行初选,纳入标准:有关运动性月经失调的人体实验以及动物实验;有关运动员月经失调的调查研究及综述研究。排除标准:重复性研究。资料提炼:共收集符合上述标准的文章61篇,排除重复性研究,31篇纳入标准:其中实验性研究22篇,调查性研究4篇,综述性研究5篇。资料综合:运动性月经失调是女子运动员参加运动训练的一个特殊的医学问题,其发生原因与体质量的下降、体脂量的减少、能量供给的负平衡、训练初始的年龄、训练负荷量及强度、精神压力等因素有关。运动性月经失调导致骨量流失从而使骨质疏松和应力性骨折的发病率明显上升,严重的影响了运动员的健康水平。结论:运动性月经失调的发生是多种因素综合影响的结果,严重影响了运动员的健康状况,为降低其发生率,应加强监控工作、提高能量供给、适时调整运动负荷并做好宣传教育工作是非常必要的。
OBJECTIVE： To summarize and analyze the main causes and physiological mechanisms of athletic menstrual cycle irregularities as Well as their effects on females bone mass, and consequently provide the countermeasures to reduce the incidence rate of athletic menstrual cycle irregularities and elevate the healthy status of athletes.
DATA SOURCES： All the relevant articles of athletic menstrual cycle irregularities between January 1981 and December 2005 were searched by inputting the English key words ＂athletic menstrual cycle irregularities＂ into Medline website. Meanwhile the Chinese relevant articles published between January 1995 and December 2005 were searched by inputting the words ＂athletic menstrual cycle irregularities＂ into China Journal Full-text Database. The relevant data on menstrual cycle irregularities were also consulted in professional gynecologic books.
STUDY SELECTION： The relevant data were selected primarily. Inclusive criteria： the experiments that used human or animals as subjects; the investigations and the reviews on athletic menstrual cycle irregularities. The reduplicative studies were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： A total of 61 literatures were selected in accordance with the above criteria, and the repeated ones were excluded. Among the 31 selected literatures, 22 were experimental studies, 4 were investigations and 5 were reviews.
DATA SYNTHESIS： Athletic menstrual cycle irregularities are the special medical problem that female athletes participate in the intense exercise training. The main causes are related to the loss of body weight or fat, negative energy balance, initial age of training, exercise load and intension, stress and so on. Athletic menstrual disorder can lead to the great loss of bone mass, so that the incidence rate of osteoporosis and stress fracture is obviously rising which badly affect athlete＇s health status. CONCLUSION： Athletic menstrual cycle irregularities are caused by many factors and these factors influence each other. Due to the bad effects on athlete health, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring, provide sufficient energy and adjust exercise load at the right moment and better instruction.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第44期170-172,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
