摘要
简要总结了近年来煤矿瓦斯灾害防治技术研究的新进展，其中：本质安全型地质雷达、地震P-S波探测采掘工作面前方煤岩深处的隐伏小构造及地质异常体等技术在山西矿区的试验表明，其判断结论与现场揭露情况基本一致；用钻孔取芯法测定煤层瓦斯含量，其测量精度比钻屑测定法高，结果与掘进巷道的实际瓦斯涌出量趋于一致，此法为今后大面积测定煤层瓦斯含量、瓦斯分布、预报瓦斯灾害易发区等开辟了新途径，目前取样深度已达50m；淮南矿区用地面钻孔抽放采动卸压区或采空区瓦斯的试验表明，瓦斯抽放量和抽放浓度都较高，当工作面推过钻孔40-100m时，瓦斯抽放量和抽放浓度最大；顺层枝状长钻孔预抽煤层瓦斯，抽放面积大，抽放率高，能大量减少抽放巷道施工量；红外瓦斯监测传感器具有寿命长、稳定性好、测量范围宽、不引起元件中毒等特点，是新一代气体传感器的发展方向；语音、数据、图像三合一的以太网宽带传输技术，为矿山安全、生产、通讯、管理综合监控提供了共享平台，解决了监控系统兼容性差、各子系统相互分离等难题；配合瓦斯灾害预警技术的研究，使数字化矿山得以真正实现，并为智能化矿山奠定了基础。
his paper gives a brief summarization of the new progress of prevention and control techniques for coal mine gas disasters, of which, the application tests of some techniques such as intrinsically -safe geologic radar and seismic P -S wave for detecting concealed mini structures and abnormal geological structures in front of the working and heading faces in Shanxi coal mining areas showed that judgment conclusions are basically consistent with on-the-spot exposure the accuracy of using hole coring to measure seam gas is higher than that using drill cuttings, the measured results and the actual gas emission in the drivage roadway are reaching unanimity, this technique opened up a new way for the big area measurement of seam gas content, gas distribution and the prediction of gas disaster zones in the future, and at present the gas sampling depth has reached 50m; the tests of applying surface bore-holes to drain gas from the mining relieved zone or the mined -out area in Huainan Coal Mining Area indicated that both the gas drainage volume and gas concentration are relative high, and when the working face advanced 40-100m beyond the boreholes, the gas drainage volume and gas concentration are maximum the gas pre -drainage with branched long holes along the seam is characterized by large drainage area and high gas drainage rate and can largely reduce the roadway construction the infrared gas monitor has the features of long service life, good stability, wide measuring range and no poisoning to the sensing element and it is a development orientation of a new generation of transducers the broad-band transmission technique of Ethernet which merges phonetic speech, data and image into a whole provided a shared platform for the comprehensive monitoring of mine safety, production, communication and management, solved some difficult problems such as poor compatibility of monitoring system and mutual separation of subsystems with the study of pre-warning technique for gas disasters, the digitalized mine cab be truely realized, which thus laid a foundation for the intellectualized mine.
出处
《矿业安全与环保》
北大核心
2006年第5期1-7,共7页
Mining Safety & Environmental Protection
