摘要
本文讨论了克拉通盆地的基本概念及类型。从克拉通盆地层序出发,论述了克拉通盆地的不整合、构造沉降、成因机制与构造演化,对这种结构简单而成因复杂的盆地类型从其形成的近同时性出发,将盆地发育与显生宙的两次构造巨旋回相联系。分析表明,克拉通盆地具有好油源、多类型的储盖组合,圈闭主要为地层一构造复合型,油气以侧向运移为主,油气聚集具有时效性等特点;克拉通盆地的油气资源丰富,但油气田规模多为中、小型;克拉通盆地的油气勘探历史较为漫长,科学研究是成功勘探的基础。
This paper discusses the definition and classification of cratonic basins. Based on the cratonic sequences, the paper analyzes the unconformities, tectonic subsidence, origin and formation, and evolution of cratonic basins. Cratonic basins are simple in structure but complex in origin. Due to the syncroneity of their formation, the development of cratonic basins is considered to be related to two tectonic cycles in the Phanerozoic. Cratonic basins are of high quality of source rocks, diversified reservoir and seal associations. The traps are dominantly stratigraphic-structural type, hydrocarbon migration is predominately in lateral direction. Hydrocarbon accumulation is closely related to the developing periods of the basins. Although this kind of basins are abundant in hydrocarbon resources, most of the fields are small or middle in scale. Hydrocarbon exploration in this kind of basins has relatively longer time. Scientific research is the basis for successful exploration.
关键词
石油地质学
盆地类型
地质特征
油气勘探
petroleum geology, craton, basin type, geological features, hydrocarbon exploration
