摘要
本文通过对初中级阶段不同母语留学生对话体书面语料的统计和分析,发现其是非问高疑问多,低疑问少,纯语用功能的反问句更少;问句使用频率与其自然度/认知难度、标记性强度之间具有相关性;问句语用因素越多,难度越大,使用频率越低。根据问句在各学时段的频率分布及出现的早晚,推测出汉语二语是非问的发展过程为"高疑‘吗’字问→低疑和语用‘吗’字问→附加问和‘吧’字问→反问句"。通过与以往研究结果比较发现,汉语是非问的二语习得与母语习得存在大体一致而略有差异的发展过程,但语言自然度与标记性等在二语句法习得中的影响更大。
Through statistics and analysis on the written texts of dialogue, this paper has found out that elementary and intermediate L2 Chinese learners of different mother tongue backgrounds use more yes-no questions of high degree interrogation than those of low degree interrogative and even more than rhetorical questions. There is a correlation between the frequency of yes-no questions in the output and the degree of naturalness and the markedness. The more pragmatic ingredient the question contains, the more difficult it is, and the less frequently it is used. It is inferred, according to the frequency distribution and time of occurrence at different stages, the sequence of development of yes-no questions should be:high degree ma(吗)question→low degree ma(吗)question→tag question and ba(吧)question→rhetorical question. It is found that this sequence is roughly similar for L1 and L2 Chinese learners. But the influence of the naturalness and the markedness has more influence on the latter than on the former.
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第3期103-112,共10页
Chinese Teaching in the World
关键词
初中级留学生
是非问
频率
自然度
标记性
发展过程
elementary and intermediate L2 Chinese learners yes-no questions frequency naturalness markedness sequence of development
