摘要
利用海洋生态系统动力学垂直一维物理-生物耦合模式模拟研究了南黄海东部海域浮游生态系统要素垂直分布的季节变化。物理亚模型为一维POM模式(Princeton Ocean Model),基于文献结果对垂直混合系数Kh和Km进行了调整;生态亚模型为ERSEM模式(Eu-ropean Regional Sea Ecosystem Model),主要考虑浮游植物、浮游动物、细菌、底栖碎屑和营养盐(氮、磷、硅)等状态变量。模拟结果表明,浮游植物出现一年双峰的态势和夏季次表层叶绿素最大值的现象,春、秋季水华期间,表层叶绿素峰值分别为3.25 mg/m3和0.71 mg/m3。浮游动物和细菌在春季水华后表层出现峰值,分别为143.6 mg C/m3和23.55 mg C/m3。硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐的垂直分布均在5-11月呈现表层浓度低、底层浓度高的分布。通过计算碳通量可以看出,在春、夏季,浮游植物对无机碳的摄取量分别为58.944 g C.m-2.quarter-1和68.276 g C.m-2.quarter-1,高于细菌对非生命有机碳的摄取。在冬季,细菌对非生命有机碳的摄取超过浮游植物对无机碳的摄取量。浮游动物在冬季主要摄食细菌,占71%;春、夏季主要摄食浮游植物,可达67.5%。浮游植物对碳的释放主要是以DOC的形式,约占90%。
The present paper intends to introduce a one-dimensional physical-biological model developed by the author in hoping to enhance the thorough understanding on the plankton ecosystem in the Yellow Sea, that is, the armual cycle of its vertical structure in the eastern area of the South Yellow Sea. So far the physical model is named POM （the Princeton Ocean Model）. For the research purpose, we have inodified the vertical diffusivity Kh and vertical kinematic viscosity Km while adopting the biological model ERSEM （European Regional Sea Ecosystem Model）, which involves phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria, benthic detritus and nutrients （nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, silicate）. In the paper we have ignored the atmospheric sedimentation and runoff. The research results of ours show that the annual cycle of phytoplankton with the spring and fall blooming and deep-level chlorophyll-a maximum in the summer. The surface chlorophyll maximum value is 3.25 mg/m^3 and 0.71 mg/m^3 respectively. We have also found that the peak values of zooplankton and bacteria appear on the surface in later April or earlier May, that is, 143.6 mg C/m^3 and 23.55 mg C/m^3, respectively. At the same time, the vertical structures of nitrate, phosphate and silicate prove to be low on the surface and high at the bottom from May to November. Compared with the observed material and the related studies in this region, we have discovered that the seasonal cycle of the plankton ecosystem＇ s vertical distribution is well represented with the reason analyzed clearly in theory. The model proves to hold up on the whole for it unveils the matter and energy flow characteristics of the ecosystem from the point of view of marine ecosystem dynamics. From the calculation of the carbon fluxes, it can be concluded that phytoplankton uptakes more inorganic carbon than organic by bacteria in spring and summer, whose values are 58.944 g C·m^-2·quarter^- 1 in spring and 68.276 g C· m^-2 ·quarter^-1 in summer respectively. However, in winter, there is 18.243 g C·m^-2·quarter^- 1 organic carbon being up taken by bacteria. The zooplankton mainly preys on bacteria in winter, accounting for 71% . But the bacteria mainly uptakes DOC, approximately accounting for 75 % in spring and summer, though phytoplankton mainly releases DOC, which can be as high as 90% .
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
2006年第4期59-65,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目(40490260)
新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-04-0639)
关键词
生态系统生态学
南黄海东部海域
海洋生态系统
垂直分布
季节变化
数值模拟
ecosystem ecology
the eastern area of the South Yellow Sea
marine ecosystem
vertical structure
seasonal cycle
numerical simulation
