摘要
人口老龄化是当今世界的趋势.65岁以上人群中25%～50%有一次以上的手术治疗.老年人围术期并发症发生率和死亡率明显高于中青年,且所耗医疗费用也高.这是由于随着年龄增长,老年人各种器官、系统发生“衰老”,结构和功能随之退化;老年人的药代和药效与中青年比较有差别;常伴有与老年人相关的疾病如高血压、冠心病等.为此,必须重视对老年病人麻醉的研究.实际年龄不是手术的反指征及危险因素,麻醉方式也不是重要的危险因素.术前重要器官、系统的功能,有无并存病,手术大小,急诊手术,围术期血流动力学稳定性,术后并发症等均为重要因素.要加强围术期监测,及时进行术中、术后并发症防治及麻醉管理,重视术后护理.
Aging is a world trend at present. 25% -50% of people older than 65 accepted more than one operations. The perioperative morbidity and mortality in the elderly are obviously higher than those in the youth and middle-aged people. And also, the medical expenses are much higher in old patients. Along with the increase of the age, the senescence happened in various organs and systems in the elderly, accompanied by the regression of their structure and functions. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the elderly are different from those in younger people. The old patients are always complicated with other age-related diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, etc. Therefore, it is essential to intensify the studies on anesthesia for the elderly. The actical age is neither a surgical contraindication nor a high risk factor. The kind of anesthesia is not an important risk factor either. Preoperative functions of major organs and systems, the presence of co-exist disorders, major operation, emergency surgery, the stabitity of perioperative hemodynamics, and postoperative complications are all important factors. Perioperative monitoring, timely prevention of perioperative complications,management of anesthesia,and postoperative nurse are necessary.
出处
《现代诊断与治疗》
CAS
2006年第4期193-196,共4页
Modern Diagnosis and Treatment
关键词
麻醉
老年病人
Anesthesia
Old patients
