摘要
对于黄宗羲的政治思想,不论以民本还是民主来界定,历来多以《明夷待访录》中的《原君》为据。作者首先辨析《原君》文本,指出其与特定的历史境遇相关,其实乃针对明代尤其晚明的昏君而言,其中甚至隐含了承认易代鼎革合法性的思想。而即便抽离具体的历史脉络,《原君》文本的思想在理论的层面上也并不构成对君主制本身的批判和否定。在此基础上,作者指出,黄宗羲民主思想的真正精华其实当在其《学校》一篇,其中包含的建构公议社会的思想甚至举措,即在今日亦颇有其合理性,其价值不在于以往所谓与西方议会性质近似,而在于与当代西方民主最为前沿的理论思考尤其是关于“公议”的思想多有相合之处。因此,如果要从黄宗羲思想中发掘契接现代民主的资源,仅就《明夷待访录》而言,重点当由《原君》转换到《学校》。
The judgment of the political thought of HUANG Zong - xi is based on ＂Yuanjun＂ collected in A Future Interview of Foreign Country in Ming Dynasty no matter from the perspective of People - being - the - foundation Thought or from democratic thought. This article first analyzes the text of ＂Yuanjun＂, pointing out that it is connected with certain historical context. It even embodies the thought of admitting the legality of the changing of dynasties conceming the stupid emperors in late Ming Dynasty. But even when the concrete historical background is out of consideration, the thought reflected in ＂Yuanjun＂ is not the criticism and negation of monarchy theoretically. Based on this realization, this article points out that the real essence of the democratic thought of HUANG Zong - xi lies in ＂School＂, in which thought of constructing a public reasoning society and the measures to be taken are rea- sonable even from present perspective. It is valuable not because it is similar to the westem parliamentarism, but because it has many similarities with the frontier theoretical thought in contemporary westem democratic thought, especially the thought of ＂public reasoning＂. Therefore, in order to find out the connection of the thought of HUANG Zong - xi with modem democracy, the emphasis should be laid on ＂School＂ instead of ＂Yuanjun＂ conceming A Future Interview of Foreign Country in Ming Dynasty .
出处
《求是学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第4期44-49,共6页
Seeking Truth
关键词
黄宗羲
《原君》
《学校》
公议
HUANG Zong- xi
＂Yuanjun＂
＂School＂
public reasoning
