摘要
活化能是化学动力学中一个重要概念，当应用于土壤水流过程时，是指水流过程中需要克服的能垒（ｅｎｅｒｇｙｂａｒｒｉｅｒ）。土壤水的表观或平均活化能是耗费在一个水分子越过两个流线准平衡位置势能垒所需能量，此能垒是速率限制因子，可由Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ方程式计算。实验对陕西省四种典型土壤不同水流过程中活化能进行了测定计算，提出了“土壤水渗透活化能”，“渗吸活化能”，“扩散活化能”及“蒸发活化能”等概念。且此四种活化能均呈质地较粘重的土壤大于质地较轻的土壤，同一质地土壤其水分运移形式不同，活化能大小不同。“蒸发活化能”明显大于其它形式的活化能。
The activation energy is an important concept in the field of chemical kinetics.Means a potential energy barrier which need to be overcome in soil water flow process.The apparent or average activation energies for soil water is the energy expended by a molecule in surmounting a potential energy barrier between tWo quasi-equlibrium positions along the line of flow, and it is factor of rate-limiting and can be calculated by Arrhenius equation. The activation energies are calculated from the experimental measurements for the four kinds of soils of Shannxi province at different soil water flow processes. This paper propound the idea of “Permeability Activation Energy”,“ Infiltration Activation. Energy”,“Diffusion Activation Energy” and“ Evaporation Activation Energy”,and the value of four kinds of activation energies show that the heavy texture soils is higher more than light texture soils, for the same texture soils,the value of activation energy is depended on the soil water movement way,the activation energy of evaporation is much greater than the others kinds of activation energy.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
1996年第3期87-92,共6页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
关键词
土壤水分
活化能
能垒
土壤水流
activation energy
energy barrier
soil water movement
